Table 4 Overview of current researches that reported more than five cases who underwent a two-stage procedure to a total joint arthroplasty for septic arthritis
Study | Num. | Spacer type | Antibiotic in spacer | Duration of antibiotic before reimplantation (weeks) | Period between stages (weeks) | Surgery between stages | Success rate after first-stage surgery | Duration of antibiotic after reimplantation (days) | Mean follow-up (months) | Success rate after prosthesis implantation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hip | ||||||||||
 Anagnostakos 2016 [4] | 16 | HM | GEN (1.3%) + VAN (5%) | 6 | 13 | 2 SE+  1 Girdlestone | 81% | 0 | 45 | 87% |
 Bauer 2010 [9] | 13 | NP | Without antibiotics | 6 | 13 | NP | NP | NP | 60 | 85% |
 Chen 2008 [19] | 28 | Beads | OXA + GEN | > 4 | 15 | 2 Girdlestone | 93% | 42 | 77 | 86% |
 Diwanji 2008 [20] | 9 | HM | VAN (4.9%) | NP | 23 | 1 SE | 89% | 3 to 5 | 42 | 89% |
 Fleck 2011 [5] | 10 | HM | GEN or TOB (9 to 12%) + VAN (5 to 7.5%) + Ancef (5%) | 6 | 44 | 1 SE | 90% | NP | 28 | 100% |
 Huang 2010 [21] | 14 | HM | VAN (10%) + AZT (10%) | 1 | 13 | 1 SE | 93% | 3 | 43 | 100% |
 Kelm 2009 [22] | 8 | HM | VAN (5%) | 6 | 12 | 0 | 100% | NP | 12 | 87.5% |
 Papanna 2018 [2] | 11 | Beads | VAN (5%) | NP | 28 | NP | NP | NP | 70 | 100% |
 Romano 2011 [6] | 19 | COM | GEN (1.9%) + VAN (5%) | 4 | 22 | 0 | 100% | 28 | 57 | 95% |
 Shen 2013 [23] | 5 | HM | GEN (1.3%) + VAN (8.8%) | > 6 | 19 | 0 | 100% | NP | 40 | 100% |
 This study | 55 | HM | VAN (10–15%) + MER (5–10%) | > 4 | 23 | 4 SE | 93% | 5 | 62 | 89% |
Knee | ||||||||||
 Bauer 2010 [9] | 17 | NP | Without antibiotics | 6 | 13.3 | NP | NP | NP | 60 | 88% |
 Kirpalani 2005 [24] | 5 | Beads | NP | NP | NP | 0 | 100% | 0 | 38.4 | 100% |
 Nazarian 2003 [7] | 14 | HM | TOB (5–10%) + VAN (2.5%) | > 6 | 12.4 | 0 | 100% | > 185 | 54 | 100% |
 Shaikh 2000 [8] | 13 | HM | VAN (10%) + STR (5%) | > 2 | 22.4 | 1 SE | 92% | > 42 | 48 | 100% |
 This study | 19 | HM | VAN (10–15%) + MER (5–10%) | > 4 | 20.2 | 0 | 100% | 5 | 40.3 | 84% |