Table 2 Risk factors associated with treatment failure following two-stage protocol for active septic arthritis of hips and knees

 Age (per 10-year increase)

48.9 ± 15.6

53.0 ± 23.3

1.20 (1.11, 1.62)

0.021

 Male

42 (64.6%)

5 (55.6%)

0.68 (0.17, 2.80)

0.598

 BMI ≥30 kg/m²

7 (10.9%)

1 (12.5%)

1.11 (0.14, 9.01)

0.924

 Knee

16 (24.6%)

3 (33.3%)

1.43 (0.36, 5.71)

0.615

 ASA ≥3

14 (21.5%)

3 (33.3%)

1.82 (0.75, 7.31)

0.186

 Diabetes mellitus

7 (10.8%)

2 (22.2%)

2.16 (0.45, 10.39)

0.338

 Rheumatoid arthritis

4 (6.2%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 Smoker

9 (13.8%)

2 (22.2%)

1.77 (0.37, 8.52)

0.477

 Alcohol

8 (12.3%)

2 (22.2%)

1.90 (0.39, 9.13)

0.425

 Coronary artery disease

6 (9.2%)

1 (11.1%)

1.33 (0.17, 10.68)

0.787

 Pulmonary disease

2 (3.1%)

1 (11.1%)

3.61 (0.45, 28.97)

0.227

 Preoperative CRP (per-mg/dL)

3.4 ± 3.8

8.1 ± 10.4

1.15 (1.04, 1.28)

0.007

 Preoperative ESR (per-mm/hr)

46.0 ± 28.2

56.4 ± 36.3

1.01 (0.98, 1.05)

0.397

 IL-6 (per-pg/mL)

7.4 ± 9.0

6.6 ± 2.7

1.01 (0.97, 1.06)

0.540

 Surgical history

42 (64.6%)

4 (44.4%)

0.45 (0.12, 1.67)

0.232

 Prior surgical procedure(s)

0.7 ± 0.7

0.9 ± 1.4

1.74 (0.67, 49.14)

0.111

 Intraoperative purulence

35 (53.8%)

6 (66.7%)

1.72 (0.43, 6.87)

0.444

 Staphylococcus aureus

5 (7.7%)

1 (11.1%)

1.31 (0.16, 10.52)

0.797

 Resistant organism

1 (1.5%)

3 (33.3%)

13.96 (3.29, 19.20)

< 0.001

 Coagulase negative Staphylococcus

13 (20.0%)

2 (22.2%)

1.31 (0.23, 5.43)

0.881

 Gram-negative organism

6 (9.2%)

1 (11.1%)

1.17 (0.15, 9.40)

0.879

 Other organism

11 (16.9%)

1 (11.1%)

0.67 (0.08, 5.37)

0.707

 Polymicrobial organism

5 (7.7%)

1 (11.1%)

1.47 (0.18, 11.74)

0.718