Preoperative opioid use is associated with worse patient outcomes after Total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Comparison of scores between patient prescribed preoperative opioids and opioid-naïve patients

Study	Patients	PRO	Statistic	Preoperative Score		Postoperative Score		Mean Change^a		Difference^b
Study	Patients	PRO	Statistic	OU	nOU	OU	nOU	OU	nOU	(OU – nOU)
Zywiel et al.	OU (n) = 45 nOU (n) = 45	KSS	mean (SD)	38.0	37.0	79.0 (10.0)	92.0 (10.0)	41.0 (14.5)	55.0 (12.0)	14.0
Smith et al.	OU (n) = 36 nOU (n) = 120	WOMAC Pain	mean (SD)	55.4	56.3	82.9 (12.7)	89.5 (12.7)	27.0 (12.7)	33.6 (12.7)	6.6
Franklin et al.	OU (n) = 1544 nOU (n) = 4802	KSS	mean (SD)	34.8	37.1	81.3 (15.7)	86.0 (14.1)	46.5 (15.4)	48.9 (14.9)	2.4
Pivec et al.	OU (n) = 54 nOU (n) = 54	HHS	mean (SD)	43.0	45.0	84.0 (11.5)	91.0 (11.5)	41.0 (81.2)	46.0 (91.1)	5.0
Nguyen et al.	OU (n) = 41 nOU (n) = 41	WOMAC	mean (SD)	47.5	44.1	65.3 (35.1)	83.1 (35.1)	17.8 (41.8)	39.0 (41.8)	20.2
Goesling et al.	OU (n) = 111 nOU (n) = 313	WOMAC	mean (SD)	39.3	49.4.0	80.8 (17.3)	85.5 (12.8)	41.5 (16.2)	36.1 (13.8)	- 5.4

Abbreviations
PRO Joint or Disease Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Score. All scores Transformed to a 0 to 100-point scale (100 indicating the best possible score), WOMAC The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, KSS Knee Society Score, HHS Harris Hip Score, OU Patients prescribed preoperative opioids, nOU Preoperative Opioid-naïve patients, n Number of patients, SD Standard deviations, CI Confidence Interval
Notes
^aMean change calculated by the difference in preoperative and postoperative score.
^bDifference represents the mean difference between opioid users and non-opioid users with a positive indicating benefit for preoperative opioid-naïve patients.

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