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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Preoperative opioid use is associated with worse patient outcomes after Total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Year

Country

n

Procedure

Study Design

Source of Patients

Control of Confounding

Factors Matched/Adjusted

PRO

Follow up

Zywiel et al.

2011

USA

90

TKA

Retrospective Cohort

Prospectively collected database at two institutions that specialize in lower extremity total joint arthroplasty

Matching

Center (exact match), procedure type (unilateral or bilateral procedure; exact match), sex (exact match), age (± 4 years) and BMI (± 4 kg/m2)

KSS

38.5 months (mean)

Smith et al.

2017

USA

156

TKA

Retrospective Cohort

Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluating motivational interviewing to enhance TKA outcomes

Risk Adjustment

Propensity Score (Pain Catastrophizing Scale score, Charlson Comorbidity Index and baseline WOMAC pain score), preoperative opioid use

WOMAC

6 months

Franklin et al.

2010

USA

6346

TKA

Retrospective Cohort

Prospectively data on a national sample of primary, unilateral TKA patients sponsored by Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw between 2000 and 2005

None

None

KSS

12 months

Pivec et al.

2014

USA

108

THA

Retrospective Cohort

Prospectively collected database at two institutions that specialize in lower extremity total joint arthroplasty

Matching

Gender, Unilateral or bilateral total hip arthroplasty (exact), Age (±5 years), BMI (± 4 kg/m2), when possible: insurance type, tobacco use ≥0.5 packs per day, history of psychiatric disorders, history of back pain or surgery

HSS

58 months (mean)

Nguyen et al.

2016

USA

82

TKA, THA

Retrospective Cohort

A single institution database

Matching

Primary diagnosis, affected joint (hip/knee), American Society of Anesthesiologists’ classification of physical health, sex, BMI (±10 kg/m2), age (±10), daily morphine equivalent group

WOMAC

6–12 months

Goesling et al.

2016

USA

574

TKA, THA

Retrospective Cohort

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective outcome study in patients undergoing TKA and THA

None

None a

WOMAC

6 months

  1. Abbreviations
  2. n number of patients included from study, PRO Patient-Reported Outcome, WOMAC The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, KSS Knee Society Score, HHS Harris Hip Score, TKA Total Knee Arthroplasty, THA Total Hip Arthroplasty, BMI Body Mass Index
  3. Notes
  4. aAdditional data provided that did not adjust for other patient factors