|
Variables
|
Retro walking (RW) group
|
Forward walking (FW) group
|
Control group (CG)
|
ANOVA
|
Post hoc analysis (Bonferroni)
|
|---|
|
Mean (SD)
|
95% CI
|
Mean changes
|
Mean (SD)
|
95% CI
|
Mean changes
|
Mean (SD)
|
95% CI
|
Mean changes
|
F
|
p
|
RW vs. FW
|
RW vs. CG
|
FW vs. CG
|
|---|
|
NRS
|
3.9 (1.1)
|
3.4, 4.3
|
1.8
|
4.6 (1.3)
|
3.9, 5.2
|
1.5
|
4.8 (0.8)
|
4.5, 5.2
|
1
|
4.584
|
0.014*
|
0.10
|
0.01†
|
0.94
|
|
WOMAC (%)
|
48.1 (3.4)
|
46.6, 49.6
|
4.8
|
50.2 (4.2)
|
48.4, 52.1
|
3.1
|
51.6 (3.6)
|
49.9, 53.2
|
2.2
|
4.941
|
0.010*
|
0.16
|
0.008†
|
0.74
|
|
Quadriceps muscle strength (kg)
|
12.8 (1.9)
|
11.8, 13.6
|
1.7
|
12 (1.7)
|
11.3, 12.7
|
0.96
|
10.9 (2.3)
|
9.9, 11.9
|
0.7
|
4.854
|
0.011*
|
0.549
|
0.008†
|
0.241
|
|
TUG (sec)
|
8.8 (0.5)
|
8.6, 9.1
|
0.6
|
9.1 (0.3)
|
8.9, 9.3
|
0.2
|
9.2 (0.3)
|
9.1, 9.4
|
0.1
|
6.171
|
0.004*
|
0.06
|
0.003†
|
0.89
|
- ANOVA analysis of variance, NRS numerical rating scale, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, TUG timed up and go test, CI Confidence interval, SD Standard deviation
- *p < 0.05. †p (adjusted) < 0.017
