Table 3 Outcome measures at six weeks after completion of trial in retro walking, forward walking, and control groups (Intention-to-treat analysis, n = 68)
Variables | Retro walking (RW) group | Forward walking (FW) group | Control group (CG) | ANOVA | Post hoc analysis (Bonferroni) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | 95% CI | Mean changes | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | Mean changes | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | Mean changes | F | p | RW vs. FW | RW vs. CG | FW vs. CG | |
NRS | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.4, 4.3 | 1.8 | 4.6 (1.3) | 3.9, 5.2 | 1.5 | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.5, 5.2 | 1 | 4.584 | 0.014* | 0.10 | 0.01†| 0.94 |
WOMAC (%) | 48.1 (3.4) | 46.6, 49.6 | 4.8 | 50.2 (4.2) | 48.4, 52.1 | 3.1 | 51.6 (3.6) | 49.9, 53.2 | 2.2 | 4.941 | 0.010* | 0.16 | 0.008†| 0.74 |
Quadriceps muscle strength (kg) | 12.8 (1.9) | 11.8, 13.6 | 1.7 | 12 (1.7) | 11.3, 12.7 | 0.96 | 10.9 (2.3) | 9.9, 11.9 | 0.7 | 4.854 | 0.011* | 0.549 | 0.008†| 0.241 |
TUG (sec) | 8.8 (0.5) | 8.6, 9.1 | 0.6 | 9.1 (0.3) | 8.9, 9.3 | 0.2 | 9.2 (0.3) | 9.1, 9.4 | 0.1 | 6.171 | 0.004* | 0.06 | 0.003†| 0.89 |