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Table 2 Patient characteristics at baseline

From: One-minute stair climbing, 50-foot walk, and timed up-and-go were responsive measures for patients with chronic low back pain undergoing lumbar fusion surgery

Variable

Completed 6-month follow-up of physical capacity tasks (n = 93)

Drop-outs

(n = 25)

Completed 6-month follow-up of physical capacity tasks AND construct-specific GPE scales (n = 57)

Age, mean (SD)

46.5 (8.0)

43.0 (9.2)

47.2 (8.4)

Gender, n (%)

 Men

42 (45.2)

13 (52.0)

26 (45.6)

 Women

51 (54.8)

12 (48.0)

31 (54.4)

Education level, n (%)

 Elementary school

6 (6.5)

1 (4.0)

5 (8.8)

 High school

38 (40.1)

13 (52.0)

22 (38.6)

 University or college

36 (38.7)

6 (24.0)

21 (36.8)

 Vocational education

12 (12.9)

5 (20.0)

9 (15.8)

 Missing information

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

BMI, mean (SD)

26.2 (3.6)

26.9 (4.0)

26.1 (3.7)

Back pain duration, n (%)

 3–12 months

8 (8.6)

1 (4.0)

3 (5.3)

 > 1 year to ≤2 years

17 (18.3)

3 (12.0)

11 (19.3)

 > 2 years

66 (71.0)

21 (84.0)

41 (71.9)

 Missing information

2 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

Previous back surgery, n (%)

 0 occasions

83 (89.2)

24 (96.0)

55 (96.4)

 1 occasion

7 (7.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

 2 occasions

2 (2.2)

1 (4.0)

1 (1.8)

 Missing information

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Current surgical procedure, n (%)

 Instrumented posterior fusion

88 (94.6)

14 (56.0)

55 (96.5)

 Instrumented anterior interbody fusion

1 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Instrumented combined posterior and interbody fusion

4 (4.3)

1 (4.0)

2 (3.5)

 Did not go through fusion surgery

0 (0.0)

10 (40.0)

0 (0.0)

Number of fusion levels, n (%)

 One level

55 (59.1)

9 (36.0)

34 (59.7)

 Two levels

33 (35.5)

6 (24.0)

21 (36.8)

 Three levels

5 (5.4)

0 (0.0)

2 (3.5)

 Did not go through fusion surgery

0 (0.0)

10 (40.0)

0 (0.0)

Work status, n (%)

 Working

54 (58.1)

19 (76.0)

33 (57.8)

 Part-time sick leave

15 (16.1)

0 (0.0)

9 (15.8)

 Fulltime sick leave

17 (18.3)

5 (20.0)

12 (21.1)

 Unemployed

4 (4.3)

1 (4.0)

2 (3.5)

 Missing information

3 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

Comorbidity, n (%)

 Neurological disorder

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Heart disease

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Other disease that affects walking ability

2 (2.2)

4 (16.0)

2 (3.5)

 Other disease that causes pain

4 (4.4)

2 (8.0)

1 (1.8)

5-min walk, mean (SD)

422.3 (82.4)

402.2 (82.4)

419.7 (87.6)

1-min stair climbing, mean (SD)

105.3 (24.8)

99.4 (23.4)

104.9 (26.7)

50-ft walk, mean (SD)

9.2 (2.8)

9.4 (2.6)

9.4 (3.3)

Timed up-and-go, mean (SD)

7.8 (3.0)

8.2 (2.6)

8.2 (3.6)

Disability, ODI, mean (SD)

35.8 (11.5)

40.7 (14.8)

34.6 (12.7)

Back pain intensity, VAS, mean (SD)

60.0 (19.9)

65.1 (17.1)

56.7 (20.5)

Leg pain intensity, VAS, median (IQR)

29.8 (3.4–55.0)

59.5 (7.0–71.4)

29.2 (3.7–59.8)

Depression, HADS, mean (SD)

5.0 (3.5)

6.9 (3.6)

4.6 (3.5)

Kinesiophobia, TSK, mean (SD)

37.3 (8.6)

41.6 (7.1)

37.5 (9.0)

Pain catastrophizing, PCS, mean (SD)

21.8 (7.9)

26.4 (7.9)

22.5 (7.5)

  1. GPE Global Perceived Effect Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, IQR Interquartile range, ODI Oswestry Disability Index 2.0, PCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, TSK Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, VAS Visual analog scale