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Table 4 Baseline values for the hip and ankle outcome measures at the preferred walking pace. The last row reports the p-values and cohen’s d effect size for post-hoc pairwise comparisons with p < 0.1 and d > 0.4

From: Gait mechanics contribute to exercise induced pain flares in knee osteoarthritis

 

Hip Angle

(deg)

Ankle Angles

(deg)

Hip Moments

(% BW * Ht)

Ankle Moments

(% BW * Ht)

 

Heel-strike flexion

Flexion ROM

Flexion ROM

Peak Eversion

Flexion

Extension

1st Adduction

PlantarFlexion

Dorsi-Flexion

Eversion

Pain Flare

43.70

42.06

26.19

2.56

−4.40

3.84

−5.52

1.75

−7.99

0.84

 SE

1.77

3.10

2.29

1.33

0.70

0.37

0.53

0.13

0.61

0.29

No Flare

38.28

45.78

28.78

6.05

−3.20

4.10

−5.73

1.22

−8.58

0.58

 SE

2.00

2.16

2.24

1.09

0.37

0.22

0.31

0.11

0.26

0.10

Control

34.51

47.37

29.91

4.03

−4.53

5.41

−6.74

1.91

−8.90

0.55

 SE

2.01

1.11

1.16

0.76

0.27

0.31

0.21

0.18

0.26

0.08

p-value/effect size

 PF Vs C

     

p < 0.001, d = 1.10

p < 0.001, d = 1.08

   

 NP vs C

    

p < 0.001 d = 0.77

p < 0.001, d = 0.90

p < 0.001, d = 1.02

   

 PF vs NF

       

p = 0.04 d = 1.40

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