Article | Type of external fixation | Gain of length (cm) | Timing of LIPUS | Treatment time | Group | Total no. of segments | Age at operation (yrs) | Healing index | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(d/cm) | P value | ||||||||
El-Mowafi and Mohsen [24] | Ilizarov | 6.1 (5 to 8) | Consolidation period | 20 min/day | LIPUS | 10 | 35 (18 to 45) | 30 (27 to 36) | <  0.001 |
control | 9 | 48 (42 to 75) | |||||||
Dudda et al. [25]†| Regazzoni (23) Ilizarov (6) Hybrid type (7) | 6.6 (2.5 to 14.0) | – | 20 min/day | LIPUS | 16 | 34.9 (17 to 64) | 32.8 ± 13.1 | 0.116 |
control | 20 | 42.4 (16 to 69) | 44.6 ± 26.8 | ||||||
Salem and Schmelz [26] | Ilizarov | 7.9 | Distraction and consolidation period | 20 min/day | LIPUS | 12 | 32 | 33 | – |
control | 9 | 29 | 45 | ||||||
Current study‡ | Lengthening over nail | 7.9 (5.0 to 10.5) | Distraction and early consolidation period | 20 min/day | LIPUS | 30 | 22.1 (17 to 34) | 36.6 (21.7 to 51.6) | < 0.001 |
control | 30 | 20.6 (17 to 25) | 57.5 (32.5 to 64.8) |