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Table 3 Comparison of callus shape and type according to Li et al. [27] between the two groups

From: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances callus consolidation in distraction osteogenesis of the tibia by the technique of lengthening over the nail procedure

Classification

At the end of distraction phase

At the time of ex-fix removal

LIPUS group (N = 30)

Control group (N = 30)

P-value*

LIPUS group (N = 30)

Control group (N = 30)

P-value*

Callus shape

  

0.005

  

0.055

 Fusiform

0

0

 

4

3

 

 Cylindrical

19

13

 

23

15

 

 Concave

11

8

 

3

10

 

 Lateral

0

9

 

0

2

 

 Central

0

0

 

0

0

 

Callus type

  

<  0.001

  

0.313

 Normal-density

0

0

 

30

29

 

 Intermediate-density

24

4

 

0

1

 

 Low-density

6

26

 

0

0

 
  1. LIPUS, Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound
  2. * Fisher’s exact test