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Table 3 Univariable logistic regression of chronic back pain and multivariable logistic regression of chronic back pain, adjusted for significantly associated covariates

From: Factors associated with chronic and acute back pain in Wales, a cross-sectional study

 

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

N

Crude OR (95% CI)

P value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

P value

WIMD 2014 quintile

14,351

    

 Least deprived

 

 2

 

1.35 (1.14, 1.60)

0.001

1.32 (1.09, 1.60)

0.005

 3

 

1.48 (1.26, 1.75)

< 0.001

1.33 (1.10, 1.61)

0.003

 4

 

1.70 (1.43, 2.01)

< 0.001

1.42 (1.16, 1.72)

< 0.001

 Most deprived

 

2.04 (1.72, 2.42)

< 0.001

1.61 (1.32, 1.96)

< 0.001

Age

14,351

    

 16–24

 

 25–44

 

2.83 (2.06, 3.89)

< 0.001

2.42 (1.71, 3.42)

< 0.001

 45–64

 

6.17 (4.55, 8.35)

< 0.001

5.14 (3.69, 7.15)

< 0.001

 65+

 

9.16 (6.76, 12.41)

< 0.001

7.34 (5.25, 10.26)

< 0.001

Gender

14,351

    

 Male

 

 Female

 

1.44 (1.30, 1.59)

< 0.001

1.43 (1.27, 1.61)

< 0.001

Educational attainment

13,424

    

 No qualification

 

 Degree equivalent or higher

 

0.21 (0.17, 0.25)

< 0.001

0.44 (0.36, 0.55)

< 0.001

 Other qualifications

 

0.41 (0.36, 0.46)

< 0.001

0.75 (0.65, 0.86)

< 0.001

BMIa

13,391

    

 Less than 18.5- Underweight

 

0.77 (0.49, 1.21)

0.258

0.91 (0.55,1.48)

0.699

 18.5 to under 25- Normal weight

 

 25 to under 30- Overweight

 

1.34 (1.18, 1.52)

< 0.001

1.20 (1.04, 1.38)

0.013

 30 and over- Obese

 

2.15 (1.88, 2.45)

< 0.001

1.60 (1.38, 1.85)

< 0.001

Mental health (SF-36)

14,351

    

 Above averageb

 

 Below averagec

 

3.41 (3.08, 3.79)

< 0.001

3.11 (2.76, 3.51)

< 0.001

Light exercise

14,014

    

 0–2 days per week

 

 3–5 days

 

0.43 (0.37, 0.49)

< 0.001

0.58 (0.49, 0.69)

< 0.001

 6–7 days

 

0.39 (0.35, 0.43)

< 0.001

0.55 (0.48, 0.63)

< 0.001

  1. aBody mass index
  2. bMental health score above the average of the general population
  3. cMental health score below the average of the general population