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Table 5 Prevalence of specific postural defects among 8- to 12-year-old children, stratified according to the IOTF cut-offs for BMI

From: Relationship between lower-extremity defects and body mass among polish children: a cross-sectional study

Deformities

Normal weight (n = 4730)

Severe underweight (n = 23)

Moderate underweight (n = 126)

Mild underweight (n = 749)

Overweight (n = 1140)

Obesity (n = 224)

 

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

n

%

95% CI

Limb deformities overall

1217

25.7

24.5–27.0

6

26.1

10.2–48.4

19

15.1

9.3–22.5

113

15.1

12.6–17.8

644

56.5

53.4–59.4

202

90.2

87.6–95.2

 Varus knee

8

0.2

0.1–0.4

0

0.0

0.0–14.8

2

1.6

0.2–5.6

3

0.4

0.1–1.2

0

0.0

0.0–0.3

1

0.4

0.0–2.5

 Valgus knee

295

6.2

5.5–6.9

2

8.7

1.1–28.0

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

3

0.4

0.1–1.2

524

46.0

43.0–48.9

193

86.2

80.9–90.4

 Valgus heel

1021

21.6

20.4–22.8

6

26.1

10.2–48.4

18

14.3

8.7–21.6

107

14.3

11.9–17.0

305

26.8

24.3–29.5

69

30.8

24.8–37.3

 Flatfoot overall

185

3.9

3.4–4.5

1

4.3

0.1–21.9

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

9

1.2

0.6–2.3

99

8.7

7.1–10.5

38

17.0

12.3–22.5

 I degree

81

1.7

1.3–2.1

0

0.0

0.0–14.8

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

4

0.5

0.1–1.4

49

4.3

3.2–5.6

15

6.7

3.8–10.8

 II degree

66

1.4

1.1–1.8

1

4.3

0.1–21.9

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

3

0.4

0.1–1.2

42

3.7

2.7–4.9

11

4.9

2.5–8.6

 III degree

32

0.7

0.5–1.0

0

0.0

0.0–14.8

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

2

0.3

0.0–1.0

8

0.7

0.3–1.4

11

4.9

2.5–8.6

 IV degree

6

0.1

0.0–0.3

0

0.0

0.0–14.8

0

0.0

0.0–2.9

0

0.0

0.0–0.5

0

0.0

0.0–0.3

1

0.4

0.0–2.5

  1. 1 Children may have more than one limb deformity. IOTF – International Obesity Task Force