From: Hip pain in children with cerebral palsy: a population-based registry study of risk factors
Variable | Hip pain / sample size (%)d | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Agea | 952 | 1.0 | (0.92 - 1.09) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 46 / 572 | (8.0) | 1.0 | |
Female | 40 / 380 | (10.5) | 1.21 | (0.72–2.05) |
GMFCS | ||||
II | 11 / 277 | (4.0) | 1.0 | |
III | 10 / 180 | (5.6) | 1.04 | (0.40–2.67) |
IV | 23 / 290 | (7.9) | 1.10 | (0.46–2.68) |
V | 42 / 205 | (20.5) | 2.40 | (0.97–5.96) |
Spasticityb | ||||
Hip flexors level 0 | 41 / 670 | (6.1) | 1.0 | |
level 1 | 36 / 230 | (15.7) | 1.50 | (0.83–2.72) |
level 2 | 2 / 31 | (6.5) | 0.54 | (0.09–3.25) |
levels 3–4 | 7 / 21 | (33.3) | 3.55 | (0.82 - 15.41) |
Hip extensors level 0 | 40 / 644 | (6.2) | 1.0 | |
level 1 | 33 / 216 | (15.3) | 1.0 | (0.52–1.93) |
level 2 | 8 / 64 | (12.5) | 0.36 | (0.11–1.16) |
levels 3–4 | 5 / 28 | (17.9) | 0.38 | (0.08 - 1.83) |
Hip adductors level 0 | 17 / 385 | (4.4) | 1.0 | |
level 1 | 39 / 387 | (10.1) | 1.86 | (0.91–3.83) |
level 2 | 18 / 128 | (14.1) | 1.73 | (0.69–4.33) |
levels 3–4 | 12 / 52 | (23.1) | 2.87 | (0.91–8.99) |
Knee flexors level 0 | 16 / 275 | (5.8) | 1.0 | |
level 1 | 43 / 458 | (9.4) | 0.80 | (0.38–1.69) |
level 2 | 14 / 156 | (9.0) | 0.65 | (0.26–1.63) |
levels 3–4 | 13 / 63 | (20.6) | 0.96 | (0.30–3.09) |
Knee extensors level 0 | 36 / 592 | (6.1) | 1.0 | |
level 1 | 26 / 265 | (9.8) | 0.69 | (0.36–1.33) |
level 2 | 15 / 65 | (23.1) | 2.81 | (1.18–6.69) |
levels 3–4 | 9 / 30 | (30.0) | 0.84 | (0.20–3.56) |
Range of motionc | ||||
Knee Extension | 952 | 0.97 | (0.85–1.10) | |
Hamstring | 952 | 0.93 | (0.84–1.02) | |
Hip inward rotation | 952 | 1.11 | (1.01–1.20) | |
Hip outward rotation | 952 | 0.95 | (0.88–1.04) | |
Hip Extension | 952 | 1.09 | (0.96–1.25) | |
Hip Flexion | 952 | 1.18 | (1.05–1.32) | |
Hip Abduction | 952 | 1.20 | (1.04–1.41) | |
Hip migration percentage | ||||
0–30 | 46 / 721 | (6.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
31–40 | 19 / 147 | (12.9) | 2.11 | (1.1–4.06) |
41–100 | 21 / 84 | (25.0) | 2.72 | (1.32–5.59) |