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Table 3 Impact of neighborhood immigrant proportion (IP) on WOMAC pain and function (unadjusted/ univariate models)

From: Living in immigrant communities does not impact total knee arthroplasty outcomes: experience from a high-volume center in the United States

 

Preoperative estimate ± standard error

Postoperative 2-year estimate ± standard error

 

WOMAC pain

p-value

WOMAC function

p- value

WOMAC pain

p-value

WOMAC function

p-value

Census Tract immigrant proportion (IP)

  <  10%

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

 10% – <  40%

−0.21 ± 0.69

0.76

−0.14 ± 0.70

0.84

−1.79 ± 0.58

0.002

− 1.32 ± 0.60

0.03

  ≥ 40%

−3.60 ± 1.15

0.002

−4.88 ± 1.15

< 0.001

− 2.75 ± 1.00

0.006

−3.10 ± 1.03

0.003

Age, years

0.38 ± 0.03

< 0.001

0.15 ± 0.03

< 0.001

0.06 ± 0.03

0.02

− 0.32 ± 0.04

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

− 0.62 ± 0.05

< 0.001

− 0.73 ± 0.05

< 0.001

− 0.24 ± 0.04

< 0.001

− 0.32 ± 0.04

< 0.001

Sex: female

−5.94 ± 0.57

< 0.001

−6.66 ± 0.57

< 0.001

− 2.62 ± 0.52

< 0.001

− 2.65 ± 0.53

< 0.001

Comorbidities

 One or more

−1.15 ± 0.64

0.07

− 2.01 ± 0.64

0.002

−1.91 ± 0.57

< 0.001

− 3.10 ± 0.59

< 0.001

 None

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

Census tract poverty

  <  10%

4.24 ± 1.30

0.001

3.80 ± 1.30

0.004

− 3.50 ± 0.73

< 0.001

− 3.36 ± 0.76

< 0.001

 10% – <  20%

0.94 ± 1.49

0.53

− 0.49 ± 1.49

0.74

−1.61 ± 0.64

0.01

− 1.75 ± 0.67

0.009

  ≥ 20%

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

Education level

  < College graduate

−7.57 ± 0.37

< 0.001

−8.82 ± 0.59

< 0.001

− 3.88 ± 0.53

< 0.001

−3.95 ± 0.55

< 0.001

  ≥ College graduate

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

Live alone

 No

0.63 ± 0.69

0.36

2.57 ± 0.69

< 0.001

2.22 ± 0.61

< 0.001

2.68 ± 0.63

< 0.001

 Yes

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

reference

–

  1. WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, BMI body mass index