| Preoperative estimate ± standard error | Postoperative 2-year estimate ± standard error | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | WOMAC pain | p-value | WOMAC function | p- value | WOMAC pain | p-value | WOMAC function | p-value |
Census Tract immigrant proportion (IP) | ||||||||
  <  10% | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – |
 10% – <  40% | −0.21 ± 0.69 | 0.76 | −0.14 ± 0.70 | 0.84 | −1.79 ± 0.58 | 0.002 | − 1.32 ± 0.60 | 0.03 |
  ≥ 40% | −3.60 ± 1.15 | 0.002 | −4.88 ± 1.15 | < 0.001 | − 2.75 ± 1.00 | 0.006 | −3.10 ± 1.03 | 0.003 |
Age, years | 0.38 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.02 | − 0.32 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | − 0.62 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 | − 0.73 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 | − 0.24 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | − 0.32 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
Sex: female | −5.94 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 | −6.66 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 | − 2.62 ± 0.52 | < 0.001 | − 2.65 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||||||
 One or more | −1.15 ± 0.64 | 0.07 | − 2.01 ± 0.64 | 0.002 | −1.91 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 | − 3.10 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 |
 None | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – |
Census tract poverty | ||||||||
  <  10% | 4.24 ± 1.30 | 0.001 | 3.80 ± 1.30 | 0.004 | − 3.50 ± 0.73 | < 0.001 | − 3.36 ± 0.76 | < 0.001 |
 10% – <  20% | 0.94 ± 1.49 | 0.53 | − 0.49 ± 1.49 | 0.74 | −1.61 ± 0.64 | 0.01 | − 1.75 ± 0.67 | 0.009 |
  ≥ 20% | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – |
Education level | ||||||||
  < College graduate | −7.57 ± 0.37 | < 0.001 | −8.82 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 | − 3.88 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 | −3.95 ± 0.55 | < 0.001 |
  ≥ College graduate | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – |
Live alone | ||||||||
 No | 0.63 ± 0.69 | 0.36 | 2.57 ± 0.69 | < 0.001 | 2.22 ± 0.61 | < 0.001 | 2.68 ± 0.63 | < 0.001 |
 Yes | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – | reference | – |