Table 2 Clinician-level factors predictive of inappropriate imaging being investigated, all measured via baseline clinician questionnaire
Factor | Questionnaire items |
|---|---|
Age | Single questionnaire item |
Sex | Single questionnaire item |
Years in practice | Single questionnaire item |
Clinician type (family doctor, chiropractor, physiotherapist) | Single questionnaire item |
School of entry-to-practice training (for everyone); program of family medicine training (for family doctors only) | Single questionnaire item |
Access to imaging (onsite or offsite) | Single questionnaire item asked as part of a list of items about onsite services |
Ownership of imaging facilities | Single questionnaire item |
Self-identification as having a speciality in back pain | Single questionnaire item [80] |
Clinician fear avoidance beliefs | Single questionnaire item: 14 from the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), modified for clinician [81] |
Average time spent with patient | Single questionnaire item |
Type of manual technique modalities practiced (for chiropractors) | Single questionnaire item |
Beliefs on usefulness of imaging | Single item on questionnaire |
Knowledge of imaging guidelines | Single item on questionnaire |