Factors influencing disability in patients with chronic low back pain attending a tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa

Table 4 Multivariable linear regression showing factors independently associated with disability (RMDQ score) in patients with CLBP, Douala General Hospital, Cameroon

Variables	Categories	β	95% CI	p-value
Marital Status	Single	−1.31	−4.21 to 1.58	0.371
	Widowed	3.42	−0.14 to 6.98	0.059
	Married	1
Gender	Female	−0.05	−2.12 to 2.02	0.963
Gender	Male	1
Educational level	Tertiary	−1.28	−9.55 to 6.99	0.759
	Secondary	−2.49	−10.85 to 5.86	0.555
	Primary	−1.98	−10.26 to 6.31	0.637
	No formal	1
Employment status	Retired	−0.90	−5.87 to 4.08	0.721
	Employed	0.15	−3.13 to 3.43	0.929
	Student	−0.59	−8.08 to 6.91	0.877
	Housewife	0.62	−3.83 to 5.06	0.784
	Unemployed	1
Alcohol	Consumer	−3.55	−6.01 to −1.10	0.005
Alcohol	Non-consumer	1
Sensory neuropathy	Present	0.67	−1.35 to 2.70	0.510
Sensory neuropathy	Absent	1
Sphincter Dysfunction	Present	2.33	0.25 to 4.42	0.029
Sphincter Dysfunction	Absent	1
Leg pain	Present	0.51	−1.49 to 2.52	0.613
Leg pain	Absent	1
Age		0.03	−0.74 to 1.30	0.585
Pain intensity		0.07	0.03 to 0.11	0.002
Duration of pain episode		−0.01	−0.03 to 0.02	0.747
Sleep satisfaction		−0.03	−0.07 to 0.01	0.137
Days of work loss		0.15	0.05 to 0.24	0.003
Psychological wellbeing		−0.10	−0.16 to −0.03	0.004

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