Table 3 Median Constant Murley [30] score and mean age/gender adjusted Constant Murley [31] score outcomes, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score [32], Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for pain level, subjective grade for the overall shoulder condition within the past month (1-excellent, 2-good, 3-satisfactory, 4-sufficient, 5-not sufficient, 6-poor) and mean shoulder flexion and abduction range of motion: overall, in the LBN group and in the PHILOS group at 3, 6 and 12 months

48 ± 15.2 (10–79)

48 ± 15.0 (13–73)

48 ± 16.0 (10–79)

0.587

57 ± 15.4 (15–87)

58 ± 15.0 (15–83)

55 ± 16.0 (19–87)

0.119

65 ± 20.0 (15–93)

67 ± 20.2 (15–93)

64 ± 20.2 (21–93)

0.659

67.0 ± 21.4 (14–100)

65.3 ± 21.1 (19–100)

68.0 ± 21.9 (14–100)

0.637

80.4 ± 24.0 (4–100)

82.4 ± 21.1 (22–100)

74.0 ± 26.3 (4–100)

0.203

93.6 ± 27.5 (22–100)

90.0 ± 27.6 (22–100)

95.0 ± 27.8 (32–100)

0.917

51 ± 17.3 (29–93)

51 ± 17.0 (32–89)

52 ± 17.8 (29–93)

0.505

48 ± 15.6 (26–89)

41 ± 14.8 (27–85)

45 ± 16.0 (26–89)

0.110

45 ± 18.5 (22–85)

34 ± 17.8 (22–85)

42 ± 19.1 (24–84)

0.042

4 ± 1.9 (0–8)

3 ± 2.0 (0–7)

4 ± 1.9 (0–8)

0.318

3 ± 1.5 (0–5)

2 ± 1.6 (0–5)

3 ± 1.3 (0–5)

0.186

0 ± 1.7 (0–5)

0 ± 1.8 (0–5)

1 ± 1.6 (0–5)

0.766

4 ± 1.2 (1–6)

3 ± 1.3 (1–6)

4 ± 1.1 (1–5)

0.459

3 ± 1.2 (1–6)

3 ± 1.3 (1–6)

3 ± 1.1 (1–5)

0.176

2 ± 1.1 (1–5)

2 ± 1.3 (1–5)

2 ± 0.8 (1–4)

0.751

85.5 ± 33.9 (10–170)

88.3 ± 30.2 (10–150)

82.9 ± 37.4 (30–170)

0.356

110.8 ± 38.0 (20–180)

119.6 ± 44.5 (20–180)

101.9 ± 28.6 (50–180)

0.150

127.0 ± 44.2 (20–180)

124.1 ± 45.4 (20–180)

130.0 ± 43.5 (60–180)

0.694

80.2 ± 31.2 (30–170)

83.7 ± 26.8 (30–150)

77.0 ± 37.4 (30–170)

0.228

101.5 ± 40.8 (20–180)

110.4 ± 41.7 (35–180)

92.7 ± 38.6 (20–180)

0.156

122.1 ± 49.1 (30–180)

120.9 ± 46.9 (30–180)

123.3 ± 52.0 (30–180)

0.661