Mismatch between femur and tibia coronal alignment in the knee joint: classification of five lower limb types according to femoral and tibial mechanical alignment

Table 2 Analysis of lower limb coronal alignment based on sex and age (average age: 41.3 years)

Variables	All (n = 214)	Male (n = 112)	Female (n = 102)	P	20–50 y/o (n = 127)	51–70 y/o (n = 87)	P
HKAA(°) ^a	1.2 ± 3.1	1.5 ± 3.0	0.8 ± 3.1	0.101	0.5 ± 2.6	2.2 ± 3.4	< 0.001
mLDFA(°) ^a	87.3 ± 2.4	87.3 ± 2.3	87.2 ± 2.5	0.736	86.9 ± 2.2	87.8 ± 2.6	0.010
mMPTA(°) ^a	85.8 ± 2.2	85.4 ± 2.2	86.2 ± 2.2	0.013	86.0 ± 2.1	85.5 ± 2.3	0.118
AA-MA(°) ^a	4.7 ± 1.5	4.5 ± 1.4	4.9 ± 1.7	0.085	4.0 ± 1.1	5.8 ± 1.4	< 0.001
KAA(°) ^a	−4.1 ± 2.3	−3.8 ± 2.3	−4.5 ± 2.3	0.028	−4.1 ± 2.1	−4.3 ± 2.6	0.529

^aHKAA hip–knee–ankle angle, mLDFA mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mMPTA mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, AA-MA angle between femoral anatomical axis and mechanical axis, KAA knee alignment angle

ISSN: 1471-2474