Mismatch between femur and tibia coronal alignment in the knee joint: classification of five lower limb types according to femoral and tibial mechanical alignment

Table 1 Description of five types of lower limbs (classified according to mLDFA and mMPTA)

Group	Type/description	mLDFA^a	mMPTA^a
Neutral (− 3° ≤ HKAA < 3°)	1. Neutral alignment with normal joint obliquity (valgus of distal femur and varus of proximal tibia within 3°)	≥87°	≥87°
	2. Neutral alignment with high degree of joint line obliquity (valgus of distal femur and varus of proximal tibia above 3°)	< 87°	< 87°
Varus (HKAA ≥3°)	3. Genu varus with varus of the tibia	< 90°	< 87°
	4. Genu varus with varus of the tibia and femur	≥90°	< 87°
Valgus (HKAA <− 3°)	5. Genu valgus	< 87°	≥87°

^amLDFA mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mMPTA mechanical medial proximal tibial angle

ISSN: 1471-2474