Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study

Do, Ho Jeong; Shin, Joon-Shik; Lee, Jinho; Lee, Yoon Jae; Kim, Me-riong; Nam, Dongwoo; Kim, Eun-Jung; Park, Yeoncheol; Suhr, Kristin; Ha, In-Hyuk

doi:10.1186/s12891-018-2322-1

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Table 3 Association between liver function tests and femur neck and lumbar bone mineral density as assessed using regression analysis models^a

From: Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study

	Model 1			Model 2			Fully adjusted model
	β	95% CI	p-value	β	95% CI	p-value	β	95% CI	p-value
Femur neck
AST (IU/L)
AST > 23	0.0177	(0.0079,0.0276)	0.0005	−0.0003	(− 0.01,0.0095)	0.9559	− 0.0003	(− 0.0102,0.0096)	0.9492
19 > AST ≤ 23	0.0100	(0.0004,0.0196)	0.0419	−0.0009	(− 0.01,0.0083)	0.8493	− 0.0008	(− 0.0099,0.0083)	0.8572
16 < AST ≤ 19	0.0015	(− 0.0088,0.0119)	0.7732	− 0.0024	(− 0.012,0.0072)	0.6253	− 0.0023	(− 0.0118,0.0072)	0.631
AST ≤ 16	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.3660			0.4313			0.4381
per log unit			0.0002			0.7253			0.7521
ALT (IU/L)
ALT > 23	0.0384	(0.0293,0.0475)	<.0001	−0.0027	(−0.0131,0.0076)	0.6005	−0.0016	(−0.012,0.0089)	0.7688
16 < ALT ≤23	0.0231	(0.0132,0.033)	<.0001	−0.0009	(−0.0103,0.0085)	0.8486	−0.0002	(− 0.0096,0.0092)	0.9659
12 < ALT ≤16	0.0165	(0.0082,0.0247)	0.0001	0.0019	(−0.006,0.0099)	0.6302	0.0019	(− 0.006,0.0098)	0.6345
ALT ≤12	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.3721			0.4314			0.4381
per log unit			<.0001			0.1635			0.2921
GGT (IU/L)
GGT > 32	0.0208	(0.0107,0.0308)	<.0001	−0.0164	(− 0.0267,-0.0061)	0.0019	−0.0196	(− 0.0305,-0.0088)	0.0005
19 < GGT ≤32	0.0196	(0.01,0.0293)	<.0001	−0.0066	(−0.0162,0.0029)	0.1721	−0.0082	(− 0.0178,0.0015)	0.0958
13 < GGT ≤19	0.0076	(−0.002,0.0172)	0.1183	−0.0042	(−0.0133,0.0049)	0.3661	−0.0048	(− 0.0137,0.004)	0.2824
GGT ≤13	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.3663			0.4325			0.4398
per log unit			0.0028			0.0015			0.0004
Lumbar spine
AST (IU/L)
AST > 23	−0.0042	(− 0.0158,0.0074)	0.4788	− 0.0204	(− 0.0322,-0.0086)	0.0007	− 0.0187	(− 0.0306,-0.0069)	0.002
19 > AST ≤ 23	− 0.0113	(− 0.0228,0.0001)	0.0518	− 0.0204	(− 0.0315,-0.0094)	0.0003	− 0.0190	(− 0.0297,-0.0083)	0.0005
16 < AST ≤ 19	− 0.0135	(− 0.0244,-0.0026)	0.0156	− 0.0166	(− 0.0271,-0.0061)	0.0021	− 0.0156	(− 0.0258,-0.0053)	0.0031
AST ≤ 16	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.1185			0.1745			0.2022
per log unit			0.5807			0.0004			0.0009
ALT (IU/L)
ALT > 23	0.0213	(0.0093,0.0332)	0.0005	−0.0187	(− 0.0319,-0.0054)	0.0061	−0.0186	(− 0.032,-0.0052)	0.0068
16 < ALT ≤23	0.0098	(−0.0005,0.0201)	0.0633	−0.0133	(− 0.0239,-0.0027)	0.0138	− 0.0100	(− 0.0208,0.0008)	0.0682
12 < ALT ≤16	−0.0007	(− 0.0102,0.0089)	0.8909	−0.0152	(− 0.0243,-0.006)	0.0012	− 0.0129	(− 0.022,-0.0038)	0.0057
ALT ≤12	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.1206			0.1734			0.2014
per log unit			0.0014			0.0013			0.0013
GGT (IU/L)
GGT > 32	0.0091	(−0.0044,0.0225)	0.1856	−0.0260	(− 0.0397,-0.0122)	0.0003	− 0.0276	(− 0.0422,-0.013)	0.0002
19 < GGT ≤32	0.0085	(−0.0032,0.0203)	0.1549	−0.0156	(− 0.0273,-0.0039)	0.0091	− 0.0145	(− 0.0262,-0.0028)	0.0154
13 < GGT ≤19	− 0.0075	(− 0.0193,0.0042)	0.207	− 0.0187	(− 0.0297,-0.0078)	0.0009	− 0.0157	(− 0.0264,-0.005)	0.0043
GGT ≤13	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Adjusted R-Square	0.1192			0.1745			0.2025
per log unit			0.2331			0.004			0.0013

^a Model 1: adjusted for age, and sex;
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI);
Fully adjusted model: adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, BMI, smoking status, diabetes, physical activity, and education
Age and BMI are adjusted as continuous variables
AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase

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