Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Liver function test results by demographic characteristics

	n	AST	ALT	GGT
	n	mean^a	mean^a	mean^a
Total	7160
Sex
Male	3093	22.60	22.83	34.22
Female	4067	18.66	14.92	17.28
p-value		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Education level
≤ Elementary school graduation	1622	22.51	18.72	25.11
Middle school graduation	767	21.87	19.73	27.70
High school graduation	2450	20.09	18.08	24.00
≥ College graduation	2321	19.75	18.37	23.36
p-value		<.0001	0.01	<.0001
Smoking status
Nonsmoker	4356	19.15	16.01	18.55
Previous smoker	1292	22.58	22.07	30.92
Current smoker	1512	22.33	22.07	36.55
p-value		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Drinking status
No	3227	19.71	17.11	18.78
Yes	3933	21.09	19.39	28.83
p-value		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
Moderate physical exercise
No	6396	20.49	18.45	24.27
Yes	764	20.83	18.39	24.54
p-value		0.33	0.87	0.75
History of osteoporosis physician diagnosis
No	6720	20.47	18.43	24.41
Yes	338	21.28	17.72	20.36
p-value		0.04	0.12	<.0001
History of diabetes
Normal	5247	19.71	17.14	21.78
IFG	1241	23.18	22.87	33.93
DM	672	23.87	24.36	35.83
p-value		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001

^a Geometric mean. p-value calculated using ANOVA test
AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus

ISSN: 1471-2474