From: Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study
 | Femur neck BMD | Lumbar spine BMD | Whole femur BMD | Whole body BMD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |
Total | 7041 | Â | 6722 | Â | 7041 | Â | 7038 | Â |
Age (years) | Â | 48.38 (15.77) | Â | 47.78 (15.44) | Â | 48.38 (15.77) | Â | 48.21 (15.71) |
 19~ 29 | 876 | 0.85 | 846 | 0.99 | 876 | 0.95 | 886 | 1.16 |
 30~ 44 | 2261 | 0.80 | 2236 | 0.98 | 2261 | 0.94 | 2279 | 1.16 |
 45~ 59 | 1985 | 0.76 | 1919 | 0.94 | 1985 | 0.91 | 1982 | 1.14 |
 60~ 74 | 1567 | 0.67 | 1430 | 0.87 | 1567 | 0.83 | 1550 | 1.07 |
 ≥ 75 | 352 | 0.58 | 291 | 0.81 | 352 | 0.72 | 341 | 1.00 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 3060 | 0.83 | 2935 | 0.97 | 3060 | 0.97 | 3035 | 1.18 |
 Female | 3981 | 0.72 | 3787 | 0.93 | 3981 | 0.85 | 4003 | 1.09 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
Education level | ||||||||
 ≤ Elementary school graduation | 1611 | 0.66 | 1437 | 0.85 | 1611 | 0.81 | 1578 | 1.05 |
 Middle school graduation | 757 | 0.74 | 720 | 0.93 | 757 | 0.90 | 759 | 1.12 |
 High school graduation | 2405 | 0.81 | 2332 | 0.98 | 2405 | 0.94 | 2418 | 1.16 |
 ≥ College graduation | 2268 | 0.80 | 2233 | 0.98 | 2268 | 0.93 | 2283 | 1.16 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
Smoking status | ||||||||
 Nonsmoker | 4271 | 0.75 | 4074 | 0.94 | 4271 | 0.88 | 4292 | 1.11 |
 Previous smoker | 1277 | 0.79 | 1215 | 0.96 | 1277 | 0.94 | 1267 | 1.16 |
 Current smoker | 1493 | 0.82 | 1433 | 0.97 | 1493 | 0.96 | 1479 | 1.18 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Â | 23.62 (3.37) | Â | 23.61 (3.34) | Â | 23.62 (3.37) | Â | 23.60 (3.35) |
Drinking status | ||||||||
 No | 3166 | 0.73 | 2989 | 0.93 | 3166 | 0.87 | 3160 | 1.10 |
 Yes | 3875 | 0.80 | 3733 | 0.97 | 3875 | 0.94 | 3878 | 1.16 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
Moderate physical exercise | ||||||||
 No | 6281 | 0.77 | 5994 | 0.95 | 6281 | 0.91 | 6284 | 1.14 |
 Yes | 760 | 0.79 | 728 | 0.96 | 760 | 0.93 | 754 | 1.13 |
 p-value |  | 0.01 |  | 0.19 |  | 0.00 |  | 0.37 |
History of osteoporosis physician diagnosis | ||||||||
 No | 6603 | 0.78 | 6318 | 0.96 | 6603 | 0.92 | 6608 | 1.14 |
 Yes | 336 | 0.60 | 305 | 0.78 | 336 | 0.74 | 329 | 0.99 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |  | <.0001 |
History of diabetes | ||||||||
 Normal | 5158 | 0.78 | 4935 | 0.96 | 5158 | 0.91 | 5165 | 1.14 |
 IFG | 1222 | 0.76 | 1170 | 0.95 | 1222 | 0.92 | 1214 | 1.14 |
 DM | 661 | 0.73 | 617 | 0.94 | 661 | 0.90 | 659 | 1.12 |
 p-value |  | <.0001 |  | 0.05 |  | 0.08 |  | 0.02 |