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Table 1 Bone mineral density at various measurement sites by demographic characteristics

From: Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study

 

Femur neck BMD

Lumbar spine BMD

Whole femur BMD

Whole body BMD

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

Total

7041

 

6722

 

7041

 

7038

 

Age (years)

 

48.38 (15.77)

 

47.78 (15.44)

 

48.38 (15.77)

 

48.21 (15.71)

 19~ 29

876

0.85

846

0.99

876

0.95

886

1.16

 30~ 44

2261

0.80

2236

0.98

2261

0.94

2279

1.16

 45~ 59

1985

0.76

1919

0.94

1985

0.91

1982

1.14

 60~ 74

1567

0.67

1430

0.87

1567

0.83

1550

1.07

 ≥ 75

352

0.58

291

0.81

352

0.72

341

1.00

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

Sex

 Male

3060

0.83

2935

0.97

3060

0.97

3035

1.18

 Female

3981

0.72

3787

0.93

3981

0.85

4003

1.09

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

Education level

 ≤ Elementary school graduation

1611

0.66

1437

0.85

1611

0.81

1578

1.05

 Middle school graduation

757

0.74

720

0.93

757

0.90

759

1.12

 High school graduation

2405

0.81

2332

0.98

2405

0.94

2418

1.16

 ≥ College graduation

2268

0.80

2233

0.98

2268

0.93

2283

1.16

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

Smoking status

 Nonsmoker

4271

0.75

4074

0.94

4271

0.88

4292

1.11

 Previous smoker

1277

0.79

1215

0.96

1277

0.94

1267

1.16

 Current smoker

1493

0.82

1433

0.97

1493

0.96

1479

1.18

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

 

23.62 (3.37)

 

23.61 (3.34)

 

23.62 (3.37)

 

23.60 (3.35)

Drinking status

 No

3166

0.73

2989

0.93

3166

0.87

3160

1.10

 Yes

3875

0.80

3733

0.97

3875

0.94

3878

1.16

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

Moderate physical exercise

 No

6281

0.77

5994

0.95

6281

0.91

6284

1.14

 Yes

760

0.79

728

0.96

760

0.93

754

1.13

 p-value

 

0.01

 

0.19

 

0.00

 

0.37

History of osteoporosis physician diagnosis

 No

6603

0.78

6318

0.96

6603

0.92

6608

1.14

 Yes

336

0.60

305

0.78

336

0.74

329

0.99

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

 

<.0001

History of diabetes

 Normal

5158

0.78

4935

0.96

5158

0.91

5165

1.14

 IFG

1222

0.76

1170

0.95

1222

0.92

1214

1.14

 DM

661

0.73

617

0.94

661

0.90

659

1.12

 p-value

 

<.0001

 

0.05

 

0.08

 

0.02

  1. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD (standard deviation) p-value calculated using ANOVA test
  2. BMD, bone mineral density; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus