Sleep problems and fatigue as predictors for the onset of chronic widespread pain over a 5- and 18-year perspective

Table 3 Presenting results from univariate model (adjusted for age and gender). Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-value (p) for reporting CWP in the 5-year and 18-year follow-up respectively. Number of individuals per category of exposure at baseline are presented as N for the 5-year follow-up and 18-year follow-up respectively

	N	CWP 5-year OR (95% CI)	p	N	CWP 18-year OR (95% CI)	p
Gender
Male	586	1		345	1
Female	663	1.44 (0.92–2.24)	.107	446	1.77 (1.14–2.75)	.011
Initiating sleep^a
No problem	1003	1		650	1
Problem	232	2.82 (1.77–4.50)	< .001	135	2.49 (1.55–4.00)	< .001
Maintaining sleep^a
No problem	852	1		552	1
Problem	376	2.53 (1.61–3.98)	< .001	233	2.74 (1.75–4.28)	< .001
Early awakening^a
No problem	958	1		626	1
Problem	265	2.83 (1.79–4.46)	< .001	156	1.97 (1.23–3.15)	.005
Non-restorative^a
No problem	898	1		581	1
Problem	327	3.15 (2.02–4.92)	< .001	204	2.62 (1.70–4.04)	< .001
Fatigue^b
Low	469	1		312	1
Intermediate	376	1.99 (1.00–3.99)	.051	256	1.20 (0.68–2.11)	.533
High	399	4.93 (2.69–9.05)	< .001	223	2.96 (1.78–4.92)	< .001
Pain regions
0	904	1		571	1
1–2	167	1.61 (0.78–3.32)	.202	113	3.03 (1.72–5.31)	< .001
3–5	146	7.40 (4.40–12.42)	< .001	89	5.33 (3.05–9.31)	< .001
6–11	32	12.40 (5.50–28.02)	< .001	18	13.38 (4.99–35.89)	< .001
Mental health^c
Good	365	1		234	1
Intermediate	487	1.89 (0.96–3.73)	.065	326	1.37 (0.77–2.45)	.288
Poor	388	3.87 (2.05–7.34)	<.001	229	2.70 (1.53–4.75)	.001
Socio economy^d
High non manual	384	1		285	1
Ass non manual	178	1.98 (0.93–5.21)	.076	107	1.17 (0.59–2.96)	.660
Manual	537	2.74 (1.51–4.94)	.001	321	1.45 (0.89–2.36)	.136
Others	150	1.45 (0.61–3.55)	.395	78	1.25 (0.58–2.68)	.574

^aProblem = [Moderate problems - very severe problems]; No Problems = [no problems - minor problems]. ^b Based on scorings on SF-36 vitality scale [Low = 85–100; Intermediate = 70–84; High = 0–69]
^cBased on scorings on SF-36 Mental Health scale [Good = 93–100; Intermediate = 84–92; Poor = 0–83]; ^d Classified by occupation – intermediate/higher non-manual employees, Assistant non-manual employees, Manual workers and “others”

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