Table 1 Characteristics of the Longitudinal Study Sample*
Characteristics | Incident Chronic Back Pain Over 11-Year Follow-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 2418) | Yes (n = 502) | p value* | |
Sociodemographics | |||
Age (mean ± standard deviation) | 50.6 ± 3.0 | 50.0 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Race (%) | |||
White | 2322 (96.3%) | 481 (96.0%) | 0.75 |
Non-white | 90 (3.7%) | 20 (4.0%) | |
Educational attainment | |||
Did not graduate high school | 55 (2.4%) | 22 (4.6%) | 0.01 |
High school graduate | 494 (21.4%) | 110 (23.1%) | |
Some college/vocational schoola | 1016 (44.0%) | 215 (45.2%) | |
Completed college or further studyb | 744 (32.2%) | 129 (27.1%) | |
Medical Comorbidities | |||
Arthritis | 331 (13.7%) | 111 (22.2%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 112 (4.6%) | 30 (6.0%) | 0.22 |
Hypertension | 508 (21.1%) | 127 (25.5%) | 0.03 |
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | 95 (3.9%) | 30 (6.0%) | 0.03 |
Overall Comorbidity Burden | |||
Medical comorbidity score, range 0–18 (median [IQR]) | 0 [0–2] | 1 [0–2] | < 0.001 |