Fig. 1From: Patients with severe low back pain exhibit a low level of physical activity before lumbar fusion surgery: a cross-sectional studyRevised fear-avoidance model. VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; TSK, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; SEES, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; GT3X+, physical activity of least moderate-intensity, steps per dayBack to article page