Table 2 Characteristics of participants in STAART and comparator studies of pain CST and CBT for patients with osteoarthritis
Participant Characteristic | STAART | Bennell et al, 2017 [45] | Bennell et al, 2016 [55] | Rini et al, 2015 [57] | Broderick et al, 2014 [58] | Helminen, 2014 [59] | Vitiello, 2013 [60] | Somers et al, 2012 [25] | Hurley, 2007 [61] | Keefe et al, 1996 [46] | Keefe et al, 1990 [62] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociocultural Environment | |||||||||||
 Geographic Region | United States (Central North Carolina) | Australia (7 of 8 states) | Australia (Melbourne and Brisbane) | United States (Central North Carolina) | United States (New York, Virginia and North Carolina) | Finland (Kuopio, Eastern Finland) | United States (Washington State) | United States (Central North Carolina) | United Kingdom (Southeast London) | United States (Central North Carolina) | United States (Central North Carolina) |
 Agea | 59.0 ± 10.3 | 61.2 ± 7.1 | 63.4 ± 8.1 | 67.6 ± 9.4 | 67.2 ± 9.5 | CBT: 64.5 ± 7.3 Control Group: 62.8 ± 7.2 | 73.0 ± 8.0 | 58.0 ± 10.4 | Individual Rehab: 66 (50-91) f Group Rehab:68 (51-84) Control Group: 67 (51-89) | 62.6 ± 10.1 | 64.0 ± 11.5 |
 Female | 49% | 56% | 60% | 81% | 77% | 69% | 78% | 79% | 70% | 61% | 72% |
 Race | 100% African American | -- | -- | 70% White 29% African American 2% Other | 13% Non-white | -- | 9% Non-white | 38% Non-white | -- | -- | -- |
 Ethnicity | 3% Hispanic/Latino | -- | -- | 11% Hispanic/ Latino | -- | -- |  | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Education | 75% Above High School | 75% Above High School | 61% Above High School | 71% Above High School | 72% Above High School | -- | -- | 86% Above High School | -- | -- | -- |
 Work Status | 35% Currently Working | 57% Currently Working | 51% Currently Working | 21% Currently Working | 30% Currently Working | 68% Senior High/ Vocational School or more | 86% Above High School | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Marital Status | 41% Married/Living with Partner | -- | -- | 62% Married/Living with Partner | 63% Married/Living with Partner | 21% Currently Working 66% Married/Living with Partner | 78% Retired | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Biological Vulnerability & Mechanisms | |||||||||||
 WOMAC Total Scorea | b53.0 ± 17.8 c53.7 ± 19.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | - |  | bIndividual Rehab: 37.5±19.4 Group Rehab: 39.1±19.7 Control Group: 38.6±19.6 | -- | -- |
 WOMAC Pain Subscale Scorea | b11.0 ± 3.9 c55.0 ± 19.4 | b CST + Exercise: 9.0 ± 2.4 Control: 9.2 ± 2.5 | b Exercise: 8.6 ± 2.7 CST: 8.7 ± 2.8 CST + Exercise: 9.0 ± 2.8 | -- | c 54.8 (17.4) | c CBT: 57.6 (53.9−61.3) eControl Group: 56.4 (52.9−60.0) | -- | cCST+Weight Management (WM): 47.7 (42.1-55.3) e WM: 42.6 (37.7-47.5) CST: 42.8 (42.1-53.3) Control Group: 43.4 (37.4-49.5) | bIndividual Rehab: 7.4 ±4.0 Group Rehab: 7.69±4.1 Control Group: 7.7±4.0 | -- | -- |
 WOMAC Function Subscale Scorea | b37.0 ± 13.2 c 53.7 ± 19.7 | b CST + Exercise: 33.1 ± 8.0 Control: 32.5 ± 8.3 | b Exercise: 34.3 ± 7.2 CST: 35.0 ± 7.4 CST + Exercise: 35.6 ± 7.3 | -- | c 54.6 (17.1) | c CBT: 53.0 (48.1−57.9) e Control Group: 48.4 (43.1−53.7) | -- | cCST+ WM: 47.7 (42.2-53.1) e WM: 44.3 (39.5-49.0) CST: 46.2 (41.1-51.3) Control Group: 46.1 (39.7-52.5) | bIndividual Rehab: 26.4±14.7 Group Rehab: 27.9 ±14.7 Control Group: 27.2±14.6 | -- | -- |
 Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2- Pain Subscalea | -- | -- | -- | Internet CST: 4.8 ± 1.7 Control Group: 5.1 ± 1.8 | 5.1 ± 2.1 |  |  | CST+WM: 5.8 (5.3-6.2) WM: 5.3 (4.9–5.7) CST: 5.6 (5.2–6.0) Control Group: 5.5 (4.9–6.1) | -- | CST: 5.4 ± 2.1 Spouse Assisted CST: 5.1 ± 1.7 Control Group: 5.2 ± 2.2 | CST: 5.4 ± 2.1 Arthritis Education: 5.6 ± 1.9 Control Group: 5.8 ± 1.62 |
 Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 - Physical Function Subscalea | -- | -- | -- | Internet CST: 1.7 ± 1.3 Control Group: 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | -- | -- | CST+WM: 1.7 (1.4–1.9) WM: 1.8: (1.1–1.7) CST: 1.6: (1.3–1.8) Control Group: 1.6 (1.2–1.9) | - | CST: 1.8 ± 0.9 Spouse Assisted CST: 1.7 ± 1.1 Control Group: 1.6 ± 0.7 | CST: 2.0 ± 1.0 Arthritis Education: 2.1 ± 1.22 Control Group: 1.9 ± 1.2 |
 Years with Arthritis Symptomsa | 13.1 ± 10.0 | CST + Exercise: 15% < 2 years, 51% 2-10 years, 34% >10 years Control: 32% < 2 years, 47% 2-10 years, 20% >10 years | Exercise: 6.0 (3-10)d CST: 5.5 (4-10) CST + Exercise: 5.5 (2-10) | -- | 13.8 ± 9.9 | CBT: 8.9 ± 8.7 Control Group: 6.6 ± 4.5 | -- | -- | Individual Rehab: 7 (3–15) d Group Rehab: 5 (2.5–11) Control Group: 6 (3–15) | -- | -- |
 Number of Comorbiditiesa | 8.5 ± 3.9 | -- | -- | 1.3 ± 1.1 | -- | CBT: 5.3 ± 2.8 Control Group: 4.9 ± 3.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 BMI, kg/m2 a | 35.2 ± 8.2 | 31.4 ± 8.0 | 31.3 ± 6.1 | -- | 33.4 ± 8.0 | CBT: 30.1 ± 6.0 Control Group: 29.9 ± 6.3 | -- | CST+ WM: 34.1 (33.0–35.2) WM: 33.5 (32.4–34.7) CST: 34.4 (33.3–35.5) Control Group: 34.1 (32.8–35.4) | Individual Rehab: 30.0 (18–45) f Group Rehab: 30.18 (20–50) Control Group: 30.3 (20–51) | -- | -- |
Health Behaviors and Coping Strategies | |||||||||||
 Coping Skills Questionnaire – Total Coping Attemptsa | 93.9 ± 36.6 | CST + Exercise: 61.7 ± 24.9 Control: 65.7 ± 24.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | CST: 69.2 ± 26.7 Spouse Assisted CST: 67.8 ± 23.2 Control Group: 58.9 ± 22.3 | -- |
 Coping Skills Questionnaire – Catastrophizing Subscale a | 11.4 ± 7.6 | -- | -- | -- | 7.0 ± 6.4 | -- | -- | CST+WM: 7.4 (5.5–9.3) WM: 6.6 (4.8–8.2) CST: 7.2 (5.5–8.9) Control Group: 6.9 (4.9–8.9) | -- | -- | -- |
 Pain Catastrophizing Scalea | 19.8 ± 12.3 | CST + Exercise: 8.8 ± 9.2 Control: 10.1 ± 9.6 | Exercise: 14.9 ± 8.1 CST: 14.8 ± 9.3 CST+ Exercise: 14.4 ± 9.7 | -- | -- | CBT: 16.9 (13.8-20.0) e Control Group: 13.5 (10.7-16.2) | -- |  | -- | -- | -- |
 Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scalea | 5.9 ± 2.0 | --. | -- | Internet CST: 6.7 ± 1.8 Control Group: 6.3 ± 2.1 | 6.0 ± 1.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |