GRADE factor | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factors that may reduce the quality | Factors that may increase the quality | ||||||||||||
Prognostic factor [pre-operative measures] | Number of participants | Number of studies | Number of cohorts | Estimated effect size [95% CI] | Phase (design) | Study limitations | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | Moderate/ large effect size | Dose effect | Overall quality |
Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] | 399 | 2 | 2 | Unclear | 1 | ✓ | x | ✓ | x | x | x | x | + Very low |
Duration of back pain | 360 | 2 | 2 | Unclear | 1 | x | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | ✓ | x | + Very low |
Duration of leg pain | 713 | 5 | 5 | Unclear | 1 | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | ++ Low |
Severity leg pain | 488 | 3 | 3 | Unclear | 1 | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | ++ Low |
Severity back pain | 399 | 2 | 2 | Unclear | 1 | ✓ | x | ✓ | x | x | ✓ | x | + Very low |
EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ-5D] | 140 | 1 | 1 | Unclear | 1 | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | x | x | x | + Very low |
Ipsilateral Straight Leg Raise [SLR] | 100 | 1 | 1 | Unclear | 1 | x | x | ✓ | x | x | x | x | + Very low |
Forward bend | 100 | 1 | 1 | Unclear | 1 | x | x | ✓ | x | X | x | x | + Very low |