Study | Country | Characteristics of Participants | Follow-up | Physical Prognostic factors | Outcome measures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Divecha et al., 2014 | United Kingdom | n = 89 Age: 25–79, mean 48.6 Gender: Male n = 46 [51.7%] Female n = 43 [48.3%] | 1 year n = 32 [35%] | • Pre-operative leg pain [% of pain that was radicular, calculated from the Core Outcome Measures Index [COMI] | • COMI score – patient completed assessment through Spine Tango. Includes questions on the severity of leg and back pain. • Definition of outcome unclear for multivariate analyses |
Fisher et al., 2004 | Canada | n = 82 Age: 17–83, mean 42.2 Gender: Male n = 52 [63.4%] Female n = 30 [36.6%] | 1 year n = 71 [87%] | • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months | • Health Related Quality Of Life [HRQOL] outcome comprising: a. North American Spine Society instruments: Neurogenic Symptom Score and Pain/Disability Score b. Short Form-36 [SF-36] questionnaire |
Lewis et al., 1987 (and Weir, 1979) | Canada | n = 100 Agea: Mean [SD] 41.7 [1] Gender: Male 75% Female 25% | 1 year N = 91 [91%] 5–10 years n = 81 [81%] | • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months • Ipsilateral straight leg raise (detail of measurement not reported) • Forward bend (detail of measurement tool not reported) | • Relief of back pain • Relief of leg pain • No multivariate analyses |
Nygaard et al., 2000 | Norway | n = 132 Agea: > 18 Gender: Not reported | 1 year n = 132 [100%] | • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months • Pre-operative duration of back pain in months | • Clinical Overall Score, calculated from 40% weighting pain, 20% clinical examination, 20% functional status [Oswestry Disability Index, ODI] and 20% analgesia |
Silverplats et al., 2010 | Sweden | n = 171 Agea: Mean[SD] 39 [11] Gender: Male n = 95 [55.6%] Female n = 76 [44.4%] | 2 years n = 154 [90%] Mean[SD] long term 7.3 [1.0] years Range 5.1–9.3 years n = 140 [81%] | • Pre-operative leg pain - recorded with three 0–100 Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] representing ‘pain when as worst’, ‘pain when as least’ and ‘pain right now’. Mean value of the three scales recorded • Pre-operative back pain - recorded with three 0–100 VAS representing ‘pain when as worst’, ‘pain when as least’ and ‘pain right now’. Mean value of the three scales recorded • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months • Pre-operative ODI- self complete questionnaire 0–100 | Primary outcomes: • MacNab classification of post-operative outcome [at 2 years] with 4 categories of outcome – excellent, good, fair, poor but unclear how applied as dichotomized outcome in multivariate analyses • Satisfaction with treatment [satisfied, partly, not satisfied, both follow up points] Secondary outcomes: • Change in leg pain [improved, no improvement, worse] • Change in back pain [improved, no improvement, worse] |
Silverplats et al., 2011 | Sweden | n = 117 Age: 18–66, mean 39 Gender: Male n = 63 [54%] Female n = 54 [46%] | Range 5–8 years 2 years 82% 7 years 76% | • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months • Pre-operative leg pain [detail of measurement not reported] • Pre-operative back pain [detail of measurement not reported] • Pre-operative EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ-5D] score for HRQOL self-completion questionnaire 0–100 | • Change in EQ- 5D score |
Solberg et al., 2005 | Norway | n = 228 Age: Mean[SD] 41 [11] Gender: Male n = 114 [63.3%] Female n = 66 [36.7%] | 1 year n = 180 [78.9%] | • Pre-operative ODI score - self complete questionnaire 0–100 • Pre-operative duration of leg pain in months • Pre-operative duration of back pain in months • Pre-operative leg pain 0–100 VAS no pain to worst conceivable pain • Pre-operative back pain 0–100 VAS no pain to worst conceivable pain | Primary outcome: • ODI score classified as: a. deterioration [increased ODI] or no deterioration [decreased/unchanged ODI] b. poor [ODI > 39] or good [ODI < 40] Secondary outcomes: • VAS back pain • VAS leg pain |