Individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis have lower limb muscle strength and volume deficits

Table 2 Summary statistics for the effect of group (hip osteoarthritis versus control) on muscle strength and volume measures

	Hip OA (mean ± SD)	Control (mean ± SD)	F, p	Mean difference (mean ± SD)	95% CI of mean difference	Effect size
Strength (Nm/kg)
Knee flexors	0.977 ± 0.292	1.255 ± 0.281	9.579, 0.004^*	0.278 ± 0.392	0.096, 0.460	0.71
Knee extensors	1.286 ± 0.344	1.664 ± 0.328	12.450, 0.001^*	0.378 ± 0.462	0.164, 0.593	0.82
Hip flexors	0.898 ± 0.331	1.216 ± 0.314	9.866, 0.003^*	0.319 ± 0.440	0.113, 0.524	0.73
Hip extensors	0.908 ± 0.292	1.216 ± 0.281	11.652, 0.02^*	0.307 ± 0.392	0.125, 0.490	0.78
Hip abductors	0.662 ± 0.209	0.905 ± 202	14.34, 0.001^*	0.244 ± 0.279	0.113, 0.374	0.87
Hip adductors	0.639 ± 0.323	0.834 ± 0.314	3.794, 0.06	0.194 ± 0.436	−0.008, 0.397	0.44
Volume (cm ³ /kg)
TFL	0.909 ± 0.324	0.816 ± 0.300	0.986, 0.327	0.094 ± 0.410	−0.285, 0.098	0.23
GMax	9.560 ± 2.336	11.119 ± 2.153	5.268, 0.028^*	1.558 ± 2.995	0.182, 2.934	0.52
GMed	4.031 ± 0.722	4.241 ± 0.666	1.001,0.324	0.209 ± 0.911	−0.216, 0.634	0.23
GMin	1.006 ± 0.380	1.525 ± 0.352	22.048, < 0.001^*	0.520 ± 0.484	0.295, 0.744	1.07
Add	10.827 ± 2.111	12.489 ± 1.947	7.380,0.01^*	1.662 ± 2.668	0.420, 2.940	0.62
Hams	7.444 ± 1.548	9.117 ± 1.426	13.899, 0.001^*	1.673 ± 1.957	0.762, 2.583	0.85
Quad	16.114 ± 4.512	20.769 ± 4.160	12.666, 0.001^*	4.655 ± 5.701	2.001, 7.311	0.82

Add adductors, CI confidence interval, Hams hamstrings, GMax gluteus maximus, GMed gluteus medius, GMin gluteus minimus, OA osteoarthritis, Quad quadriceps, TFL tensor fasciae latae
^*Significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2474