Individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis have lower limb muscle strength and volume deficits

Table 1 Participant characteristics of hip osteoarthritis and control groups

Characteristic	Unilateral hip OA n = 12		Bilateral hip OA n = 7		Hip OA n = 19		Control n = 23
Age (years)	62.9 ± 10.0		63.0 ± 6.4		62.8 ± 8.6		58.2 ± 8.6
Males, n (%)	3 (25%)		3 (42%)		6 (32%)		8 (35%)
Height (m)	1.65 ± 0.09		1.69 ± 0.14		1.66 ± 0.10		1.69 ± 0.08
Body mass (kg)	77.3 ± 14.0		77.2 ± 15.0		77.2 ± 14.0		69.9 ± 10.0
Body mass index (kg/m²)	28.2 ± 3.5		27.1 ± 3.5		27.8 ± 3.5^*		24.4 ± 3.0
Harris Hip Score (HHS)^ab	69.9 ± 12.9		66.2 ± 13.5		68.6 ± 12.9		99.9 ± 0.7
	Affected	Contralateral	Most affected	Less affected	(Most) affected	Contralateral/Less affected	Left	Right
Joint space width (mm)	2.3 ± 1.1	3.5 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.5	2.5 ± 1.0^*	3.3 ± 0.7^*	4.0 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.6
Kellgren-Lawrence grade	2, n = 4 3, n = 8	0, n = 4 1, n = 8	2, n = 4 3, n = 3	2, n = 5 3, n = 2	2, n = 8 3, n = 11	0, n = 4 1, n = 8 2, n = 5 3, n = 2	0, n = 12 1, n = 11	0, n = 18 1, n = 5

Values are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated
OA osteoarthritis
^*p < 0.05 hip OA compared to control group
^aHHS scale – 0 = extreme hip problems and 100 = no hip problems; ^bMost symptomatic hip for participants with bilateral hip osteoarthritis and randomly assigned hip for control participants; Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale – 0 = no radiographic features of hip osteoarthritis and 4 = large osteophytes

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