Validation of the Liverpool Elbow Score for evaluation of elbow stiffness

Table 3 Floor and ceiling effects of LES

Component	LES (No.^a)		Floor effect (%^b)	Ceiling effect (%^b)
Component	Lower limit	Upper limit	Floor effect (%^b)	Ceiling effect (%^b)
TOTAL	2.3 (1)	9.1 (1)	0	0
PAQ	0.8 (1)	6.0 (1)	0	0
CAS	1.1 (1)	3.1 (2)	0	1.6
EMC	0.8 (1)	7.1 (1)	0	0
ERS	1.1 (1)	2.0 (4)	0	6.4

LES Liverpool Elbow Score, TOTAL total scores, PAQ patient-answered questionnaire part, CAS clinical assessment score part, EMC elbow motion capacity, ERS elbow-related symptoms
^aNumber of patients showing the lowest or highest values in various parts;
^bPercent of patients achieving the lowest or highest values in various parts

ISSN: 1471-2474