Table 1 Sample characteristics and distribution of musculoskeletal pain among school children, Ethiopia
From: Musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among Ethiopian elementary school children
Variables | Sample totals | Musculoskeletal pain | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
All participants | 723 | (100%) | 451 | (62.4%) | 272 | (37.6) |
Age (in years) | ||||||
5–10 | 272 | (37.6%) | 173 | (23.9%) | 99 | (13.7%) |
11–15 | 397 | (54.9%) | 238 | (32.9%) | 159 | (22.0%) |
> 15 | 54 | (7.5%) | 40 | (5.5%) | 14 | (1.9%) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 300 | (41.5%) | 182 | (25.2%) | 118 | (16.3%) |
Female | 423 | (58.5%) | 269 | (37.2%) | 154 | (21.3%) |
Height (in cm) as mean (SD) | 133.1 | (13.7) | 131.9 | (13.2) | 135.1 | (14.4) |
Weight (in kg) as mean (SD) | 30.4 | (8.7) | 29.7 | (8.5) | 31.5 | (8.9) |
BMI children adjusted percentiles | ||||||
Underweight < 5% | 148 | (20.5%) | 98 | (13.6%) | 50 | (6.9%) |
Healthy weight 5–85% | 524 | (72.5%) | 324 | (44.8%) | 200 | (27.7%) |
Overweight 85–95% | 41 | (5.7%) | 24 | (3.3%) | 17 | (2.4%) |
Obese 95% | 10 | (1.4%) | 5 | (0.7%) | 5 | (0.7%) |
Type of school | ||||||
Governmental | 497 | (68.9%) | 336 | (46.5%) | 161 | (22.3%) |
Private | 226 | (31.3%) | 115 | (15.9%) | 111 | (15.4%) |
School grade | ||||||
Grade 1–4 | 380 | (52.6%) | 240 | (33.2%) | 140 | (19.4%) |
Grade 5–8 | 343 | (47.4%) | 211 | (29.2%) | 132 | (18.3%) |
Mode of Transport | ||||||
Walking | 546 | (75.5%) | 368 | (50.9%) | 178 | (24.6%) |
School bus | 115 | (15.9%) | 49 | (6.8%) | 66 | (9.1%) |
Public transport | 14 | (1.9%) | 6 | (0.8%) | 8 | (1.1%) |
Private transport | 48 | (6.6%) | 28 | (3.8%) | 20 | (2.8%) |
Method of carrying school supplies | ||||||
Backpack | 587 | (81.2%) | 363 | (50.2%) | 224 | (31.0%) |
Single strap | 93 | (12.9%) | 58 | (8.0%) | 35 | (4.8%) |
Handbag | 6 | (0.8%) | 2 | (0.3%) | 4 | (0.6%) |
Without bag in hand | 37 | (5.1%) | 28 | (3.9%) | 9 | (1.2%) |
Preference of backpack carrying | (n = 587) | |||||
Right side | 10 | (1.7%) | 9 | (1.5%) | 1 | (0.2%) |
Left side | 2 | (0.3%) | 2 | (0.3%) | 0 | (0%) |
Both shoulder together | 575 | (98.0%) | 352 | (48.7%) | 223 | (30.8%) |
Preference of single strap carrying | (n = 93) | |||||
Right shoulder | 64 | (68.8%) | 41 | (44.1%) | 23 | (24.7%) |
Left shoulder | 18 | (19.4%) | 10 | (10.8%) | 8 | (8.6%) |
Alternatively(Left/Right) | 11 | (11.8%) | 7 | (7.5%) | 4 | (4.3%) |
Walking duration | ||||||
No walking | 177 | (24.5%) | 83 | (11.5%) | 94 | (13.0%) |
< 20 min | 50 | (6.9%) | 16 | (2.2%) | 34 | (4.7%) |
≥ 20 min | 496 | (68.6%) | 352 | (48.7%) | 144 | (19.9%) |
Bag weight in % of bodyweight | ||||||
0–10% | 250 | (34.6%) | 142 | (19.6%) | 108 | (14.9%) |
11–20% | 380 | (52.6%) | 240 | (33.2%) | 140 | (19.4%) |
> 20% | 93 | (12.9%) | 69 | (9.5%) | 24 | (3.3%) |