Table 3 Association of risk factors for hip/knee osteoarthritis with persistent knee/hip pain (n = 2661)

29–39 years

n = 250

n = 180

BMI (kg/m²)

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

 High and moderate intensity activities

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Low intensity activities

1.11 (0.59–2.07)

1.22 (0.68–2.20)

1.02 (0.56–1.86)

1.21 (0.67–2.19)

 Sedentary

1.62 (0.81–3.24)

1.48 (0.75–2.93)

1.01 (0.48–2.14)

1.28 (0.61–2.68)

Previous knee/hip injury

3.24 (2.07–5.06)

3.05 (1.84–5.05)

2.39 (1.41–4.03)

2.34 (1.23–4.47)

Previous knee/hip surgery

2.03 (1.19–3.46)

0.85 (0.43–1.71)

2.10 (1.19–3.70)

1.22 (0.57–2.62)

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 I don’t know

3.12 (1.25–7.78)

2.41 (1.00–5.84)

1.26 (0.59–2.68)

1.39 (0.68–2.84)

 Yes

3.84 (1.70–8.68)

2.92 (1.32–6.45)

1.48 (0.79–2.77)

1.31 (0.71–2.44)

40–49 years

n = 461

n = 350

BMI (kg/m²)

1.07 (1.04–1.11)

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

1.06 (1.00–1.11)

1.04 (0.99–1.10)

 High and moderate intensity activities

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Low intensity activities

1.01 (0.71–1.43)

0.85 (0.62–1.15)

1.34 (0.83–2.16)

1.32 (0.83–2.09)

 Sedentary

1.38 (0.91–2.08)

0.99 (0.66–1.48)

1.69 (0.95–3.00)

1.45 (0.80–2.63)

Previous knee/hip injury

2.82 (2.15–3.69)

2.73 (2.01–3.70)

2.57 (1.70–3.88)

2.55 (1.57–4.14)

Previous knee/hip surgery

1.74 (1.24–2.44)

0.87 (0.56–1.37)

1.70 (1.08–2.67)

0.87 (0.49–1.55)

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 I don’t know

1.59 (0.98–2.57)

1.44 (0.93–2.23)

2.28 (1.23–4.22)

2.01 (1.10–3.68)

 Yes

1.87 (1.28–2.71)

1.53 (1.09–2.15)

2.28 (1.36–3.82)

2.00 (1.20–3.29)

50–59 years

n = 786

n = 634

BMI (kg/m²)

1.05 (1.02–1.09)

1.04 (1.01–1.08)

1.07 (1.03–1.12)

1.04 (1.00–1.09)

 High and moderate intensity activities

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Low intensity activities

1.15 (0.88–1.51)

1.08 (0.83–1.39)

1.23 (0.94–1.61)

1.19 (0.93–1.53)

 Sedentary

1.35 (0.94–1.92)

1.11 (0.77–1.59)

1.23 (0.84–1.81)

1.18 (0.82–1.69)

Previous knee/hip injury

1.97 (1.62–2.41)

1.64 (1.31–2.06)

2.90 (2.29–3.67)

2.61 (1.97–3.45)

Previous knee/hip surgery

1.79 (1.43–2.24)

1.20 (0.90–1.60)

1.92 (1.52–2.42)

0.97 (0.72–1.31)

 No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 I don’t know

1.46 (1.02–2.09)

1.33 (0.94–1.88)

1.92 (1.38–2.68)

1.57 (1.15–2.14)

 Yes

2.05 (1.56–2.71)

1.76 (1.34–2.31)

2.12 (1.58–2.83)

1.63 (1.23–2.15)