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Table 3 Results of meta-analysis and subgroup analyses of the included studies

From: The efficacy and safety of combined administration of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Results (Combined vs. IV groups)

No.of studies / knee

P

Effect Size

 

MD/RR

95% CI

Heterogeneity p (I2)

Model

1. Total blood loss

 All studies

5/651

0.0003

−156.34

241.51 to −71.18

0.002 (77%)

Random

Tourniquet or Non-tourniquet

 Tourniquet

3/471

0.05

− 108.68

− 217.44 to 0.08

0.005 (81%)

Random

 Non-tourniquet

2/179

0.0008

− 251.30

−398.40 to − 104.19

0.17 (47%)

Fixed

Topical TXA dose

      

 ≤ 1.5 g

2/284

0.10

−54.93

−119.43 to 9.57

0.33 (0%)

Fixed

 >1.5 g

3/367

<  0.00001

− 209.39

− 255.95 to − 162.83

0.36 (1%)

Fixed

Number of IV TXA

      

 Single dose

2/244

0.13

−210.91

− 485.30 to 63.47

0.03 (80%)

Random

 ≥ 2 doses

3/407

0.005

− 147.43

−251.16 to −43.69

0.002 (84%)

Random

2. Maximum hemoglobin drop

 All studies

4/591

0.003

−0.56

−0.93 to −0.19

<  0.00001 (90%)

Random

Tourniquet or Non-tourniquet

 Tourniquet

3/472

0.05

−0.52

−1.04 to 0.00

<  0.00001 (92%)

Random

 Non-tourniquet

1/119

<  0.00001

−0.68

− 0.88 to − 0.48

–

–

Topical TXA dose

 ≤ 1.5 g

2/284

0.006

−0.21

−0.35 to − 0.06

0.17 (47%)

Fixed

 >1.5 g

2/307

<  0.00001

−0.78

−0.99 to − 0.56

0.17 (47%)

Fixed

Number of IV TXA

      

 Single dose

1/184

0.03

−0.17

−0.33 to − 0.01

–

–

 ≥ 2 doses

3/407

<  0.00001

−0.73

−0.93 to − 0.54

0.21 (36%)

Fixed

3. Transfusion requirements

 All studies

5/651

0.19

0.48

0.16 to 1.44

0.69 (0%)

Fixed

Tourniquet or Non-tourniquet

 Tourniquet

3/472

0.70

0.75

0.17 to 3.26

–

–

 Non-tourniquet

2/179

0.16

0.28

0.05 to 1.64

0.89 (0%)

Fixed

Topical TXA dose

 ≤ 1.5 g

3/344

0.50

0.64

0.17 to 2.37

0.65 (0%)

Fixed

 >1.5 g

2/307

0.21

0.25

0.03 to 2.21

–

–

Number of IV TXA

 Single dose

2/244

0.50

0.64

0.17 to 2.37

0.65 (0%)

 

 ≥ 2 doses

3/407

0.21

0.25

0.03 to 2.21

–

–

4. Drainage volume

3/334

0.0004

−43.54

−67.59 to −19.48

0.34 (7%)

Fixed

5. DVT

6/701

0.99

1.01

0.14 to 7.12

0.34 (0%)

Fixed

  1. Abbreviation: RR, risk ratio; MDs, mean differences; IV, Intravenous; DVT, deep venous thrombosis