Table 1 Trial eligibility criteria

18–60 years of age

Pain on both self-report AND palpation of the medical calcaneal tubercle as ≥20 mm on a 100 mm VAS [34]

Duration of symptoms ≥ four weeks

Diagnosis of plantar fasciopathy on ultrasound as proximal attachment of plantar fascia to calcaneus measuring ≥4.0 mm. [37]

Current or previous use of foot orthoses (prefabricated or custom)

Had received treatment for current symptoms

Had purchased new footwear in the last four weeks

Bilateral symptoms

Neural symptoms and/or reproduction of pain with neural testing

Corticosteroid injection in the heel in the last six months

Pregnancy

Medical history of Diabetes (Type I or II), inflammatory arthropathies, or neuromuscular conditions

Previous lower limb orthopaedic surgery