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Table 3 Comparison of physical functions between the no HV group and the HV group, between the no HV-mild HV group and the moderate-severe HV group, and between the no HV or painless HV group and the painful HV group after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and knee osteoarthritis

From: Does hallux valgus impair physical function?

  

No HV

HV

Standard partial regression coefficient

p Value

No HV-mild HV

Moderate-severe HV

Standard partial regression coefficient

p Value

No HV or painless HV

Painful HV

Standard partial regression coefficient

p Value

 

(n = 402)

(n = 160)

(n = 495)

(n = 67)

(n = 529)

(n = 33)

Grip strength, kg

Crude

28.6 ± 8.5

25.1 ± 6.2

  

28.2 ± 8.2

23.1 ± 6.0

  

27.9 ± 8.1

23.2 ± 7.0

  
 

Adjusted

27.6 ± 5.2

27.7 ± 5.3

0.007

0.813

27.7 ± 5.1

26.4 ± 5.2

−0.055

*0.043

27.7 ± 5.1

26.5 ± 5.1

−0.035

0.206

Single-leg stance time, s

Crude

31.2 ± 22.8

24.8 ± 22.1

  

30.0 ± 22.7

24.3 ± 22.7

  

29.8 ± 22.7

22.5 ± 22.9

  
 

Adjusted

30.1 ± 18.4

27.6 ± 18.7

−0.049

0.162

29.6 ± 18.2

27.5 ± 18.6

− 0.03

0.391

29.5 ± 18.2

26.5 ± 18.3

−0.032

0.351

Stand up from a chair time, s

Crude

10.1 ± 3.6

11.1 ± 4.5

  

10.2 ± 3.6

11.5 ± 5.5

  

10.3 ± 3.8

11.3 ± 4.3

  
 

Adjusted

10.3 ± 3.5

10.7 ± 3.5

0.048

0.222

10.3 ± 3.4

11.1 ± 3.5

0.069

0.072

10.3 ± 3.4

11.8 ± 3.4

0.059

0.118

Usual gait speed, m/s

Crude

1.01 ± 0.21

1.01 ± 0.24

  

1.02 ± 0.21

1.00 ± 0.26

  

1.02 ± 0.22

0.92 ± 0.25

  
 

Adjusted

1.01 ± 0.20

1.03 ± 0.21

0.044

0.279

1.01 ± 0.20

1.02 ± 0.20

0.003

0.931

1.02 ± 0.20

0.94 ± 0.20

−0.091

*0.021

Maximum gait speed, m/s

Crude

1.33 ± 0.27

1.28 ± 0.31

  

1.33 ± 0.27

1.22 ± 0.33

  

1.33 ± 0.27

1.17 ± 0.37

  
 

Adjusted

1.32 ± 0.24

1.32 ± 0.24

0.007

0.849

1.33 ± 0.24

1.27 ± 0.24

−0.072

*0.048

1.33 ± 0.23

1.23 ± 0.24

−0.084

*0.018

  1. HV hallux valgus, M male, F female, s second, m/s meters per second
  2. *p < 0.05