No HV | HV | Standard partial regression coefficient | p Value | No HV-mild HV | Moderate-severe HV | Standard partial regression coefficient | p Value | No HV or painless HV | Painful HV | Standard partial regression coefficient | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 402) | (n = 160) | (n = 495) | (n = 67) | (n = 529) | (n = 33) | ||||||||
Grip strength, kg | Crude | 28.6 ± 8.5 | 25.1 ± 6.2 | 28.2 ± 8.2 | 23.1 ± 6.0 | 27.9 ± 8.1 | 23.2 ± 7.0 | ||||||
Adjusted | 27.6 ± 5.2 | 27.7 ± 5.3 | 0.007 | 0.813 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 26.4 ± 5.2 | −0.055 | *0.043 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 26.5 ± 5.1 | −0.035 | 0.206 | |
Single-leg stance time, s | Crude | 31.2 ± 22.8 | 24.8 ± 22.1 | 30.0 ± 22.7 | 24.3 ± 22.7 | 29.8 ± 22.7 | 22.5 ± 22.9 | ||||||
Adjusted | 30.1 ± 18.4 | 27.6 ± 18.7 | −0.049 | 0.162 | 29.6 ± 18.2 | 27.5 ± 18.6 | − 0.03 | 0.391 | 29.5 ± 18.2 | 26.5 ± 18.3 | −0.032 | 0.351 | |
Stand up from a chair time, s | Crude | 10.1 ± 3.6 | 11.1 ± 4.5 | 10.2 ± 3.6 | 11.5 ± 5.5 | 10.3 ± 3.8 | 11.3 ± 4.3 | ||||||
Adjusted | 10.3 ± 3.5 | 10.7 ± 3.5 | 0.048 | 0.222 | 10.3 ± 3.4 | 11.1 ± 3.5 | 0.069 | 0.072 | 10.3 ± 3.4 | 11.8 ± 3.4 | 0.059 | 0.118 | |
Usual gait speed, m/s | Crude | 1.01 ± 0.21 | 1.01 ± 0.24 | 1.02 ± 0.21 | 1.00 ± 0.26 | 1.02 ± 0.22 | 0.92 ± 0.25 | ||||||
Adjusted | 1.01 ± 0.20 | 1.03 ± 0.21 | 0.044 | 0.279 | 1.01 ± 0.20 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 0.003 | 0.931 | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 0.94 ± 0.20 | −0.091 | *0.021 | |
Maximum gait speed, m/s | Crude | 1.33 ± 0.27 | 1.28 ± 0.31 | 1.33 ± 0.27 | 1.22 ± 0.33 | 1.33 ± 0.27 | 1.17 ± 0.37 | ||||||
Adjusted | 1.32 ± 0.24 | 1.32 ± 0.24 | 0.007 | 0.849 | 1.33 ± 0.24 | 1.27 ± 0.24 | −0.072 | *0.048 | 1.33 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.24 | −0.084 | *0.018 |