Table 2 General description of included studies (n = 65)
From: An update on the prevalence of low back pain in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Study ID | Year | Country | Population description | Study setting | Design/tool | Sampling method | Age (years) | Gender | n | RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mulimba [17] | 1990 | Nairobi | Private patients | Private clinic | P; I/E | population | 11–75 | F/M | 2201 | NP |
Bezzaoucha [18] | 1992 | Algiers | General population | Community | C; Q | population | 15 and over | F/M | 6956 | NP |
Harris [19] | 1993 | South Africa | Cricketers | Cricket clubs/schools | C; Q | unclear | 15–35 | M | 110 | 90 |
Schierhout et al. [20] | 1993 | South Africa | Factory workers | Factories | C; I | block random | 18 and older | F/M | 155 | 100 |
Mijiyawa et al. [21] | 2000 | Togo | OPD patients | Rheumatology clinic | R; MR | population | 17–94 | F/M | 9065 | 100 |
Omokhodion et al. [22] | 2000 | Nigeria | Hospital staff | Hospital | C; Q | population | 20–60 | F/M | 74 | 93 |
Worku [23] | 2000 | Lesotho | Mothers | Community | C: Q | stratification | 18 and older | F | 4001 | 100 |
Wallner-Schlotfeldt et al. [24] | 2000 | South Africa | Material handlers | Industry | C; Q | population | 23–59 | M | 126 | 68 |
Omokhodion et al. [25] | 2002 | Nigeria | General population | Community | C; Q | stratification | 20–85 | F/M | 900 | 100 |
Mbaye et al. [26] | 2002 | Senegal | Public transport employees | Industry | R; MR | population | 18–55 | M | 1500 | NP |
Omokhodion et al. [27] | 2003 | Nigeria | Civil service workers | Corporate | C; Q | stratification | 20–60 | F/M | 840 | 66 |
Igumbor et al. [28] | 2003 | Zimbabwe | Physiotherapists | Physiotherapy practices | C; Q | population | 23–76 | F/M | 107 | 72 |
Omokhodion et al. [29] | 2004 | Nigeria | General population | Community | C; Q | stratification | 20–82 | F/M | 474 | NP |
Govender [30] | 2004 | South Africa | Nurses | Hospital | C; Q | random | 20–62 | F/M | 320 | 68 |
Prista et al. [31] | 2004 | Mozambique | School children | Schools | C; Q | stratification | 11–16 | F/M | 204 | 85 |
Fabunmi et al. [32] | 2005 | Nigeria | Peasant farmers | Farm settlement | C; Q | multi-stage | 18 and older | F/M | 500 | 100 |
Sanya et al. [33] | 2005 | Nigeria | Industrial workers | Industry | C; Q | population | 20–60 | F/M | 604 | 53 |
Bejia et al. [34] | 2005 | Tunisia | School children | Schools | C; Q | random | 11–19 | F/M | 622 | 98 |
Jordaan et al. [35] | 2005 | South Africa | Adolescents | Schools | C; Q | stratified cluster | 13–18 | F/M | 1004 | 89 |
Adedoyin et al. [36] | 2005 | Nigeria | Computer users | University campus | C; Q | convenience | 29 ± 2.5 | F/M | 1041 | 93 |
Bejia et al. [37] | 2005 | Tunisia | Hospital staff | Hospital | C; Q | random | 18–60 | F/M | 350 | 100 |
Van Vuuren et al. [38] | 2005 | South Africa | Steel plant workers | Industry | C; Q | population | 31.76 ± 7.80 | M | 366 | 96 |
Van Vuuren et al. [39] | 2005 | South Africa | Manganese plant workers | Industry | C; Q | convenience | 35.2 ± 9.29 | M | 109 | 100 |
Galukande et al. [40] | 2005 | Uganda | OPD patients | OPD Clinic | C; Q/E | population | 19–86 | F/M | 1033 | 100 |
Ayanniyi et al. [41] | 2006 | Nigeria | Pregnant females | Antenatal clinics | C; I | consecutive | 12–45 (26.95 ± 5.37) | F | 2187 | 88 |
Hill et al. [42] | 2007 | Ghana | Community women | Hospital | P; I/E | convenience | 18 and older | F | 1328 | NP |
Bio et al. [43] | 2007 | Ghana | Gold miners | Gold mines | C; I/E | simple random | 27–53/(40 ± 5.6) | M | 280 | NP |
Balogun and Owoaje [44] | 2007 | Nigeria | Female traders | Trade market | C; I/E | population | 16–80/(37.3 ± 12.8) | F | 281 | NP |
Naidoo and Coopoo [45] | 2007 | South Africa | Nurses | Public hospitals | C; Q/E | volunteered | 37 | F | 107 | NP |
Odebiyi et al. [87] | 2007 | Nigeria | Commercial/private drivers | Industry | C; Q | unclear | 30 and older | M | 500 | 100 |
Adegoke et al. [46] | 2008 | Nigeria | Physiotherapists | 2°and 3° hospitals | C; Q | population | 22–57 (33.7 ± 6.8) | F/M | 126 | 58 |
Akinbo et al. [47] | 2008 | Nigeria | Commercial drivers/cyclists | Commercial driver garages | C; Q/E | random | 37.1 ± 10.5 / 31.13 ± 8.13 | M | 599 | 75 |
Sikiru and Shmaila [48] | 2009 | Nigeria/Ethiopia | Nurses | Specialized hospitals | C; Q | population | 33.69 ± 8.83 | F/M | 508 | 82/83 |
Booysens et al. [49] | 2009 | South Africa | Oral hygienists | Dental practices | C; Q | population | 20 and older | F/M | 362 | 38 |
Isa et al. [81] | 2009 | Nigeria | Commercial motorcyclists | Industry | C; Q | convenience | 21–50 | F/M | 600 | NP |
Tinubu et al. [50] | 2010 | Nigeria | Nurses | Private / public hospitals | C; Q | unclear | 22–58(36.4 ± 7.75) | F/M | 118 | 80 |
Ouédraogo et al. [51] | 2010 | Burkina Faso | Hospital workers | Tertiary hospital | C; Q | consecutive | 22–58 (38 ± 8.25) | F/M | 436 | NP |
Sikiru and Hanifa [52] | 2010 | Nigeria | Nurses | Specialized hospitals | C; Q | volunteered | 25–55 (39.20 ± 9.09) | F/M | 408 | 82 |
Abiodun- Solanke et al. [82] | 2010 | Nigeria | Dentists/ dental auxiliaries | Dental hospitals | C;Q | cluster random | 21–60 | F/M | 210 | 77.3 |
Ayanniyi et al. [53] | 2011 | Nigeria | Adolescents (school children) | Schools | C; Q | cluster random | 10–19 (15.0 ± 1.7) | F/M | 3185 | 72 |
Saidu et al. [64] | 2011 | Nigeria | Factory workers | Factories | C; Q | convenience | 21–58 | F/M | 420 | 84 |
Himalowa and Frantz [54] | 2012 | South Africa | Manual construction workers | Construction sites | C; I | population | 17–65 (31.9 ± 10.7) | M | 212 | 100 |
Desai et al. [55] | 2012 | South Africa | General surgeons | University | C; I | population | 33.57 ± 6.48 | F/M | 76 | NP |
Noorbhai et al. [56] | 2012 | South Africa | Adolescent cricket players | Top cricketing schools | C; Q | purposive | 14–17 (15.1 ± 1) | M | 234 | NP |
Birabi et al. [57] | 2012 | Nigeria | Peasant farmers | Farm settlement | C; I | cluster random | 18–58(36.71 ± 8.98) | F/M | 310 | NP |
Ogunbode et al. [58] | 2013 | Nigeria | Adult patients | Family practice clinic | C; I/E | population | 18–85 (42.5 ± 15.5) | F/M | 485 | NP |
Oyeyemi et al. [83] | 2013 | Nigeria | Pregnant females | Teaching Hospital | C;Q | convenience | 25.61 ± 5.02 | F | 310 | NP |
Akinpelu et al. [59] | 2013 | Nigeria | Adolescent students | Community | C; Q | unclear | 12–17 | F/M | 900 | 90 |
Jimoh et al. [60] | 2013 | Nigeria | Pregnant females | Antenatal care clinics | C; I | population | 29.93 ± 4.80 | F | 200 | NP |
Madiba et al. [61] | 2013 | South Africa | Nurses | Tertiary hospital | C; Q | purposive | 29–65 | F/M | 125 | 74 |
Tella et al. [65] | 2013 | Nigeria | Peasant farmers | Farms | C; Q | convenience | unclear | F/M | 604 | NP |
Rufa’i et al. [66] | 2013 | Nigeria | Professional drivers | Motor parks | C;Q | convenience | 19–64 | M | 200 | 86.3 |
Botha et al. [62] | 2014 | South Africa | Dentists | Dental practices | C; Q | random | 45 ± 13 | F/M | 338 | 11 |
El-Soud et al. [63] | 2014 | Egypt | Nurses | Tertiary hospitals | C, Q | Population | 18 and older | F/M | 150 | 100 |
Chiwaridzo et al. [67] | 2014 | Zimbabwe | Adolescents | Government schools | C; Q | cluster random | 13–19 | F/M | 544 | 97.8 |
Erick and Smith [68] | 2014 | Botswana | School teachers | Schools | C; Q | cluster random | 38.5 ± 8.62 | F/M | 1747 | 56.3 |
Mwaka et al. [69] | 2014 | Uganda | Pupils | Schools | C; Q | cluster random | Mean 13.6 | F/M | 532 | 67.9 |
Major-Helstoot et al. [70] | 2014 | South Africa | General population | Communities | C; Q | cluster random | 44.8 ± 13.95 | F/M | 489 | 97 |
Akodu et al. [88] | 2014 | Nigeria | Traffic wardens | Traffic centres | C; Q | unclear | 38.22 ± 2.98 | F/M | 187 | 82 |
Triki et al. [84] | 2015 | Tunisia | Children/adolescents | Sports education institute | R; MR | population | 18,5–24,5 | F/M | 5958 | NP |
Adegoke et al. [85] | 2015 | Nigeria | Children/adolescents | School | C; Q | cluster random | 10–19 | F/M | 571 | 83.97 |
Vincent-Onabajo et al. [86] | 2016 | Nigeria | University students | University | C; Q | purposive | 20–47 | F/M | 207 | 71 |
Akodu et al. [89] | 2016 | Nigeria | Filling stations workers | Industry | C; Q | unclear | 20–64 | F/M | 241 | 95 |
Odebiyi et al. [90] | 2016 | Nigeria | Call centre workers | Industry | C; Q | Random | 20–49 | F/M | 120 | 93.5 |
Belay et al. [91] | 2016 | Ethiopia | Nurses | Profession | C; Q | Random | 20–60 | F | 179 | 91.9 |