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Table 1 Rheumatic disorders mimicking and/or associated with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

From: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy mimicking a reactive arthritis: a case report and review of the literature

Age/sex

Presentation

Initial diagnosis

Time lapse (months)

Final diagnosis

Ref.

53/M

Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing

Rheumatoid arthritis

Not given

HOA secondary to end-stage cryptogenic cirrhosis, interstitial lung disease

[6]

54/M

Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing; positive RF and anti-CCP

Rheumatoid arthritis

Not given

Primary HOA and rheumatoid arthritis

[12]

30/M

Diffuse joint effusions; positive anti-CCP

Rheumatoid arthritis

12

HOA secondary to primary pulmonary hypertension

[13]

Not given

Diffuse joint effusions; positive RF and anti-CCP

Rheumatoid arthritis

1

HOA secondary to lung tumor and rheumatoid arthritis

[14]

55/M

Left elbow, bilateral wrist and ankle effusions; clubbing

Inflammatory arthritis

3

HOA secondary to small cell carcinoma

[15]

62/M

Bilateral ankle, wrist, right elbow effusions; clubbing

Inflammatory arthritis

4

HOA secondary to non small cell lung carcinoma

[15]

57/F

Clubbing

Inflammatory arthritis

8

HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma

[16]

57/M

Right knee effusion; clubbing; positive ANA and anti-Sm

Systemic lupus erythematous

18

HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma

[17]

47/F

Bilateral knee effusions; clubbing; positive ANA, anti-ds DNA, anti-SSA e anti-SSB

Systemic lupus erythematous

3

HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma

[18]

19/M

Diffuse joint effusions

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

48

Pachydermoperiostosis

[19]

17/M

Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Not given

HOA secondary to hepatopulmonary syndrome

[20]

50/M

Clubbing

Ankylosing spondylitis

36

Primary HOA (incomplete form) and ankylosing spondylitis

[21]

48/F

Diffuse joint effusions

Steroid myopathy

2

HOA secondary to chronic lung transplant rejection

[6]

70/F

Bilateral knee effusions

Infective arthritis

2

HOA secondary to small cell lung cancer

[22]

43/F

Bilateral knee and ankle effusions; clubbing

Lower extremity cellulitis

1

HOA secondary to past lung adenocarcinoma

[23]

66/M

Right knee effusion

Osteoarthritis of the knee

10

HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma

[24]