Age/sex | Presentation | Initial diagnosis | Time lapse (months) | Final diagnosis | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
53/M | Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing | Rheumatoid arthritis | Not given | HOA secondary to end-stage cryptogenic cirrhosis, interstitial lung disease | [6] |
54/M | Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing; positive RF and anti-CCP | Rheumatoid arthritis | Not given | Primary HOA and rheumatoid arthritis | [12] |
30/M | Diffuse joint effusions; positive anti-CCP | Rheumatoid arthritis | 12 | HOA secondary to primary pulmonary hypertension | [13] |
Not given | Diffuse joint effusions; positive RF and anti-CCP | Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 | HOA secondary to lung tumor and rheumatoid arthritis | [14] |
55/M | Left elbow, bilateral wrist and ankle effusions; clubbing | Inflammatory arthritis | 3 | HOA secondary to small cell carcinoma | [15] |
62/M | Bilateral ankle, wrist, right elbow effusions; clubbing | Inflammatory arthritis | 4 | HOA secondary to non small cell lung carcinoma | [15] |
57/F | Clubbing | Inflammatory arthritis | 8 | HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma | [16] |
57/M | Right knee effusion; clubbing; positive ANA and anti-Sm | Systemic lupus erythematous | 18 | HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma | [17] |
47/F | Bilateral knee effusions; clubbing; positive ANA, anti-ds DNA, anti-SSA e anti-SSB | Systemic lupus erythematous | 3 | HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma | [18] |
19/M | Diffuse joint effusions | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 48 | Pachydermoperiostosis | [19] |
17/M | Diffuse joint effusions; clubbing | Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | Not given | HOA secondary to hepatopulmonary syndrome | [20] |
50/M | Clubbing | Ankylosing spondylitis | 36 | Primary HOA (incomplete form) and ankylosing spondylitis | [21] |
48/F | Diffuse joint effusions | Steroid myopathy | 2 | HOA secondary to chronic lung transplant rejection | [6] |
70/F | Bilateral knee effusions | Infective arthritis | 2 | HOA secondary to small cell lung cancer | [22] |
43/F | Bilateral knee and ankle effusions; clubbing | Lower extremity cellulitis | 1 | HOA secondary to past lung adenocarcinoma | [23] |
66/M | Right knee effusion | Osteoarthritis of the knee | 10 | HOA secondary to lung adenocarcinoma | [24] |