Table 1 Contents of the Scoliosis Japanese Questionnaire-27

1. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back while lying down?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

2. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back after sitting for an hour?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

3. To what extent do you feel pain in your upper or lower back after standing for long periods?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

4. To what extent do you feel stiffness or soreness in your shoulders or neck?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

5. To what extent do you feel uncomfortable when wearing a jacket or coat?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

6. To what extent are you concerned about the waistline of a skirt?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

7. To what extent do you have difficulty putting on socks or stockings?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

8. To what extent are you concerned about the fit of T-shirts?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

9. To what extent are you bothered by the slipping of bra or camisole straps from your shoulders?

□Not at all □Mild □Moderate □Considerable □Severe

10. To what extent are you self-conscious about the curve of your back when wearing lighter clothing in warmer weather?

□Not at all □Slightly □Moderately □Strongly □Extremely

11. Do you find yourself wanting to avoid exercise?

□Not at all □Slightly □Moderately □Strongly □Extremely

12. Have parents, friends, or teachers told you that you have a back problem?

□Never □Rarely □Sometimes □Often □Very often

13. Do you feel embarrassed to bathe with your mother or sisters because of the curve of your back?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

14. How self-conscious are you about classmates or colleagues noticing your appearance?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

15. Do you become anxious when standing in front of a group of people?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

16. To what extent are you reluctant to participate in sporting events or performances?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

17. To what extent does your appearance in the mirror make you self-conscious?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

18. To what extent are you self-conscious about the x-ray images on your back?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

19. Do you feel sports or exercise will have a negative effect on your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

20. Do you worry about your future regarding marriage, childbirth, and your children inheriting your condition?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

21. To what extent do you wish you could change the current condition of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

22. To what extent do you feel shy or reclusive because of the shape of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

23. To what extent do you feel depressed due to the condition of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

24. To what extent do you feel an inferiority complex due to the shape of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

25. To what extent do you feel overly self-conscious about your appearance due to the shape of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

26. To what extent do you think of yourself as less capable than others because of your spine?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much

27. To what extent do you feel self-conscious about how you hold bags?

□Not at all □Slightly □Somewhat □Quite □Very much