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Table 3 Treatment characteristics

From: The efficacy of multiple versus single hyaluronic acid injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Trial ID

Molecular Weight

Cross-Linked

Production method

Injection technique

Injection regimen

Altman, 2004

High

Yes

Bio-HA

NR

Single 60 mg/3 ml injection of IA-HA or saline

Altman, 2009

High

No

Bio-HA

Suprapatellar or infrapatellar approach

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or saline

Arden, 2014

High

Yes

Bio-HA

Lateral midpatellar, lateral upper-patellar or medial

Single 3 ml injectionof IA-HA (60 mg/3 ml) or saline

Brandt, 2001

Moderate

No

Bio-HA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (2 ml; 15 mg/ml) or saline (2 ml)

Chevalier, 2010

High

Yes

ADHA

NR

Single 6 ml injectionof IA-HA or saline

Creamer, 1994

Low

No

ADHA

NR

Single injection of HA (20 mg/2 ml) into one knee and saline (2 ml) into the other

Day, 2004

Low

No

ADHA

Lateral or medial approach

5 weekly injections of 25 mg/2.5 ml IA-HA in a phosphate buffered solution or 2.5 ml vehicle or saline

DeCaria, 2012

Low

No

NR

Anteromedial approach

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (2 ml of 20 mg/ml), or saline (1.2 ml of 0.001 mg/ml HA)

Diracoglu, 2009

High

Yes

ADHA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA or saline

Dixon, 1988

Low

No

ADHA

NR

Up to 11 injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or placebo (0.2 mg sodium hyaluronate)

Henderson, 1994

Low

No

ADHA

Medial approach

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or saline

Huang, 2011

Low

No

ADHA

NR

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or saline

Huskisson, 1999

Low

No

ADHA

NR

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or saline

Jorgensen, 2010

Low

No

ADHA

Lateral parapatellar approach

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/2 ml) or saline

Karlsson, 2002

High

Yes

ADHA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (Artzal, 2.5 ml or Synvisc, 2.0 ml) or saline

Kotevoglu, 2006

High

Yes

ADHA

Anterolateral approach

3 weekly injections of IA-HA or saline

Lohmander, 1996

Low

No

ADHA

NR

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (25 mg/2.5 ml) or saline

Lundsgaard, 2008

Low

No

ADHA

Lateral midpatellar portal

4 weekly intra-articular injections of IA-HA 2 mL (Hyalgan, 10.3 mg/ml) versus physiological saline 20 ml (distention) versus physiological saline 2 ml

Navarro-Sarabia 2011

Low

No

Bio-HA

NR

4 treatment cycles of 5 weekly injections of IA-HA or saline (2.5 ml)

Neustadt, 2005

Moderate

No

Bio-HA

Lateral or medial approach

4 weekly injections of IA-HA (30 mg/2 ml), or 4 arthrocenteses without injection (control)

Petrella, 2006

Low

no

ADHA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (20 mg/ml) or saline

Petrella, 2008

High

No

ADHA

Medial approach

3 weekly injections of IA-HA or saline

Pham, 2004

NR

NR

NR

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA or saline

Puhl, 1993

High

No

ADHA

NR

5 weekly injections of IA-HA (25 mg/2.5 ml) or dilute IA-HA control(0.25 mg/2.5 ml HA)

Scale, 1994

High

No

ADHA

NR

Two intra-articular injections of IA-HA (2.0 ml) administered 2 weeks apart were compared with three intra-articular injections of IA-HA given 1 week apart vs saline (2.0 ml)

Sezgin, 2005

Moderate

No

Bio-HA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (15 mg/ml) or saline

Strand, 2012

High

Yes

ADHA

NR

Single 3 ml injection of IA-HA (30 mg/3.0 ml) or saline

Tamir, 2001

High

No

Bio-HA

NR

5 weekly injections of 20 mg IA-HA (10 mg/ml) or saline

van der Weegen, 2015

Low

Yes

Bio-HA

NR

3 weekly injections of IA-HA (15 mg/ml) or saline

Wobig, 1998

High

Yes

ADHA

NR

3 weekly injections of 2.0 ml IA-HA or saline

  1. ADHA Avian-derived hyaluronic acid, Bio-HA Biologically fermented hyaluronic acid, IA-HA Intra-articular hyaluronic acid, NA Not Applicable, NR Not Reported