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Table 3 Outcome data for craniovertebral angle, neck pain, pain sensitivity, and disability

From: Upper thoracic spine mobilization and mobility exercise versus upper cervical spine mobilization and stabilization exercise in individuals with forward head posture: a randomized clinical trial

Measure/group

Baselinea

4 Weeksa

6 Weeksa

Mean within-group differences

Mean between-group differences

Baseline to 4 weeksb

Baseline to 6 weeksb

Baseline to 4 weeksb

Baseline to 6 weeksb

CVA (sitting)

 Cervical group

45.1 (3.9)

50.6 (4.4)

48.4 (5.7)

5.4 (2.9, 7.9)

3.3 (0.1, 6.4)

0.9 (−2.1, 4.0); p = .536

2.1 (−1.6, 6.0); p = .252

 Thoracic group

43.6 (3.8)

50.0 (3.8)

49.1 (3.0)

6.4 (4.4, 8.4)

5.4 (3.0, 8.0)

CVA (standing)

 Cervical group

50.6 (4.8)

52.0 (5.7)

51.3 (5.2)

1.4 (−1.2, 3.9)

0.6 (−1.9, 3.1)

4.3 (1.2, 7.4); p = .008

3.3 (0.1, 6.4); p = .042

 Thoracic group

48.4 (4.6)

54.1 (4.3)

52.3 (3.3)

5.7 (3.7, 7.7)

3.9 (1.8, 6.0)

NPRS (0–10)

 Cervical group

3.6 (1.4)

2.3 (1.0)

2.3 (1.0)

1.3 (0.8, 1.8)

1.3 (0.7, 1.9)

1.3 (0.6, 2.1); p < .001

1.4 (0.6, 2.3); p = .002

 Thoracic group

4.2 (1.5)

1.6 (0.8)

1.4 (0.7)

2.6 (2.0, 3.2)

2.8 (2.0, 3.4)

PPT (kPa)

 Cervical group

35.9 (8.2)

48.4 (10.5)

46.8 (10.0)

12.5 (9.7, 15.3)

10.8 (8.2, 13.4)

1.9 (−1.4, 5.2); p = .251

−2.6 (−7.0, 1.9); p = .251

 Thoracic group

36.3 (12.7)

50.6 (12.1)

44.5 (11.2)

14.4 (12.5, 16.3)

8.3 (4.4, 12.1)

NDI (0–50)

 Cervical group

7.9 (4.3)

5.4 (3.7)

5.3 (3.9)

2.4 (1.3, 3.6)

2.6 (1.6, 3.7)

3.3 (1.0, 5.6); p = .006

3.4 (1.0, 5.8); p = .008

 Thoracic group

10.4 (5.0)

4.6 (2.2)

4.3 (2.0)

5.8 (3.7, 7.8)

6.1 (3.8, 8.3)

  1. CVA craniovertebral angle, NPRS numerical pain rating scale, PPT pressure pain threshold, NDI neck disability index
  2. aValues are mean (standard deviation)
  3. bValues are mean (95% confidence interval)
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