Table 2 Included studies in alphabetic order according to inclusion and exclusion criteria
From: Infection following fractures of the proximal tibia – a systematic review of incidence and outcome
author | PMID / DOI | study design | level of evidence | n | classification | open fractures included y/n | open fractures | % | infection y/n | number infection | % | deep infection y/n | number deep infection | % DI | Revision because of infection | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babis [29] | 21756337 | retrospective case series | 4 | 33 | Schatzker | y | 5 | 15.2 | y | 1 | 3.0 | y | 1 | 3 | y | septic pseudarthrosis 1 |
Barei [30] | 16882892 | retrospective case series | 4 | 83 | AO | y | 11 | 13.0 | y | 5 | 6.0 | y | 2 | 2,4 | y | union 2 |
Barei [31] | 15507817 | retrospective case series | 4 | 83 | AO | y | 11 | 13.3 | y | 15 | 18.1 | y | 7 | 8,4 | y | union 7 |
Berber [32] | 24377482 | retrospective case series | 4 | 16 | Schatzker | y | 2 | 12.5 | y | 2 | 12.5 | n | 0 | 0 | n | good 2 |
Biggi [33] | 20888560 | retrospective case series | 4 | 58 | AO | y | 3 | 5.2 | y | 4 | 6.9 | y | 1 | 1,7 | y | good 1 |
Bucholz [34] | 2537166 | randomized controlled trial | 1 | 40 | Hohl | n | 0 | 0 | y | 4 | 10.0 | y | 4 | 10 | y | good 3 persistent infection 1 |
Chakraverty [35] | 19516098 | retrospective case series | 4 | 16 | AO | y | 3 | 18.8 | y | 2 | 12.5 | y | 2 | 12,5 | y | amputation 1 persistent infection 1 |
Cole [36] | 15475848 | retrospective case series | 4 | 78 | AO | y | 22 | 28.2 | y | 2 | 2.6 | y | 2 | 2,6 | y | union 2 |
Conserva [37] | 26243524 | retrospective case series | 4 | 79 | Schatzker | n | 0 | 0 | y | 11 | 13.9 | y | 6 | 7,6 | y | arthroplasty 1 good 5 |
Dallo’Oca [38] | 23086660 | retrospective case series | 4 | 100 | Schatzker | n | 0 | 0 | y | 4 | 4.0 | y | 2 | 2 | y | arthroplasty 1 persistent infection 1 |
Egol [39] | 16056075 | retrospective case series | 4 | 53 | Schatzker | y | 16 | 30.2 | y | 3 | 5.7 | y | 3 | 5,7 | y | nonunion 1 union 2 |
Engelbrecht [40] | 4648423 | retrospective case series | 4 | 194 | not mentioned | n | 0 | 0 | y | 6 | 3.1 | y | 6 | 3,1 | y | ankylosis 2 persistent fistula 1 union 3 |
Hadiukenych [41] | 17332111 | retrospective case series | 4 | 54 | AO | y | 12 | 21.0 | y | 3 | 5.6 | y | 2 | 3,7 | y | amputation 1 nonunion 1 |
Hutson [42] | 9553864 | prospective cohort | 3 | 70 | AO | y | 33 | 47.1 | y | 5 | 7.1 | y | 3 | 4,3 | y | persistent oedema 1 amputation 1 persistent infection 1 |
Jansen [43] | 23661179 | retrospective case series | 4 | 22 | AO | y | 6 | 26.1 | y | 4 | 17.0 | y | 2 | 9,1 | y | pseudarthrosis 2 |
Khatri [44] | 10.1155/2014/589538 | retrospective case series | 4 | 65 | Schatzker | n | 0 | 0 | y | 6 | 9.2 | y | 3 | 4,6 | y | delayed union 2 nonunion 1 |
Lin [19] | 23754632 | retrospective case series | 4 | 251 | AO | y | 30 | 11.7 | y | 20 | 7.8 | y | 16 | 6,4 | y | nonunion 3 malalignement 1 union 12 |
Marsh [4] | 7744891 | prospective cohort | 3 | 20 | Schatzker | y | 7 | 35.0 | y | 9 | 45.0 | y | 2 | 10 | y | ankylosis 1 union 1 |
Neogi [45] | 26015609 | prospective cohort study | 3 | 61 | AO | y | 10 | 16.4 | y | 7 | 11.5 | y | 1 | 1,6 | y | Stiffness 1 |
Ozkaya [46] | 26021666 | retrospective case series | 4 | 22 | AO | n | 0 | 0 | y | 4 | 18.2 | y | 1 | 4,5 | y | stiffness 1 |
Phisitkul [3] | 17304060 | retrospective case series | 4 | 37 | AO | y | 6 | 16.2 | y | 8 | 22.0 | y | 8 | 21,6 | y | amputation 1 satisfactory 7 |
Pun [47] | 24600061 | prospective cohort study | 3 | 21 | Schatzker | y | 4 | 19.0 | y | 2 | 9.5 | n | 0 | 0 | n | good 2 |
Rademakers [48] | 17211262 | retrospective case series | 4 | 202 | AO | n | 0 | 0 | y | 11 | 5.4 | y | 11 | 5,4 | y | arthrodesis 2 union 9 |
Sales [49] | 24498816 | retrospective case series | 4 | 28 | Schatzker | y | 9 | 32.1 | y | 7 | 25.0 | n | 0 | 0 | n | good 7 |
Stannard [50] | 19753230 | retrospective case series | 4 | 52 | AO | y | 52 | 100 | y | 6 | 11.5 | y | 3 | 5,8 | y | amputation 1 nonunion 2 |
Stannard [51] | 14563009 | prospective cohort | 3 | 32 | Schatzker | y | 17 | 53.1 | y | 2 | 6.3 | y | 2 | 6,3 | y | nonunion 1 union 1 |
Su [52] | 15123954 | retrospective case series | 4 | 38 | Schatzker | y | 1 | 2.6 | y | 3 | 7.7 | y | 1 | 2,6 | y | union 1 |
Wagner [53] | 3749907 | retrospective case series | 4 | 32 | AO | n | 0 | 0 | y | 6 | 18.8 | y | 6 | 18,8 | y | ankolysis 1 arthrodesis 5 |
Weaver [54] | 22169068 | retrospective case series | 4 | 140 | AO | y | 20 | 14.3 | y | 15 | 10.7 | y | 15 | 10,8 | y | nonunion 7 malalignement 8 |
Young [55] | 8196973 | prospective cohort study | 3 | 45 | AO | y | 9 | 20 | y | 13 | 28.9 | y | 13 | 28,9 | y | amputation 2 arthrodesis 3 ankylosis 8 |
Zhai [56] | 24346508 | retrospective case series | 4 | 26 | AO | y | 8 | 30.8 | y | 4 | 15.4 | y | 1 | 3,8 | y | good 1 |
Zhang [57] | 22385447 | retrospective case series | 4 | 79 | AO | y | 7 | 8.9 | y | 9 | 11.4 | y | 3 | 3,8 | y | bone graft and muscle flap 3 |