Table 2 Clinical characteristics of cases
Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
Age of onset (years), mean ± SD | 50.3 ± 11.6 |
Low back pain, n (%) | 57 (100) |
Lower limb numbness, n (%) | 48 (84.2) |
Lower limb weakness, n (%) | 47 (82.5) |
Urinary incontinence, n (%) | 1 (1.8) |
Saddle anaesthesia, n (%) | 1 (1.8) |
Radiculopathy, n (%) | 56 (98.2) |
 L4 | 13 (22.8) |
 L5 | 39 (68.4) |
 S1 | 4 (7.0) |
Neurogenic claudication, n (%) | 56 (98.2) |
Nature of pain, n (%) | |
 Cramping | 44 (77.2) |
 Burning | 12 (21.1) |
 Ill defined | 1 (1.8) |
Aggravating factors, n (%) | |
 Walking long distances | 56 (98.2) |
 Standing erect | 56 (98.2) |
 Coughing | 46 (80.7) |
 Defecation | 38 (66.7) |
Relieving Factor, n (%) | |
 Leaning forward/sitting/stooping | 55 (96.5) |
Timing, n (%) | Â |
 Intermittent | 33 (57.9) |
 Nocturnal | 5 (8.8) |
aPain Grading, mean ± SD | 8.4 ± 1.1 |
Impact on daily activities, n (%) | |
 Reduced walking distance | 56 (98.2) |
 Impaired routine daily activities | 55 (96.5) |
Physical examination, n (%) | |
 Altered gait | 51 (89.5) |
 Lumbar tenderness | 51 (89.5) |
  bMotor deficits | 13 (22.8) |
 Abnormal (reduced) reflexes | 20 (35.1) |
 Positive straight leg raise test | 41 (71.9) |