Table 4 Outcomes of the Ponseti Method reported in sub-Saharan Africaa
Primary Author (Year) Country | Process Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average number of casts | Duration of casts | Percutaneous Achilles Tenotomy | Receipt of braces | Brace compliance | Loss to follow up | Complications | |
Ibraheem (2017 Nigeria | 5.43 | 52 days (35–77) | 1 child did not have tenotomy, not reported case or control | 100% | Not reported | Nil | Reported no complications with swelling |
Malagelada (2016) South Africa | 8.7 (range 1–24) | Not reported | 89% (58 children) | 100% due to inclusion criteria | 2% (1 child) non-compliant | Not applicable | Defined as relapse and non-compliance: 9 children |
Smythe (2016) Zimbabwe | 7.27 (6.7–7.9) | 10.2 (9.5–10.9) weeks included tenotomy | 78.9% (127/161 children) | Not reported | Not reported | 8.9% (17 children) | Not reported |
Boakye (2016) Ghana | 4.93 | Not reported | 77% | Not reported | Not reported | Excluded from analysis | Not reported |
Adegbehingbe (2015) Nigeria | Not reported | Not reported | 77% (5626 children) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Adweole (2014) Nigeria | 4.6 (range 3–9) | Weekly cast change, tenotomy 3 weeks | 26.6% (42 feet) | 56.8% (60 patients) | No child with relapse wore braces | Not reported | 9 feet: cast complications, blisters, ulcers, skin rash |
Ayana (2014) Ethiopia | 8 (range 6–10) | Casts changed every 2 weeks | 63.6% (14 children, 21 feet) | 100%; < 4 yrs. = FAB >4 yrs. = ankle foot orthosis | Not reported | 1 patient | No major complications |
Kouamo (2014) Togo | Not reported | Not reported | 82.9% (34/41Â feet) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Mangoli (2014) Kenya | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 100% of interviewed parents | 15% (33/223) non-compliant Mean use 18 months (6–23) | Not applicable | 5% (11/223) skin lesion |
Kaseke (2013) Zimbabwe | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 6Â feet not reported at 6Â weeks | Not reported |
Adegbehingbe (2012) Nigeria | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Cashman (2012) Malawi | Not reported | Not reported | >80% | Not reported | Not reported | 107 children | Not reported |
Pirani (2012) Uganda | Not reported | Majority corrected by 6th treatment’ | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 83% adherence rate to end of casting | Plaster burns in 19/1000 |
Harnett (2011) Malawi | Median 5 (4–7) | 42 days (35–84) in plaster prior to tenotomy. | 52% (11 children) | Given FAB to wear until 3 years old | Not reported | 2 after plaster. 1 patient died | Not reported |
Adegbehingbe (2010) Nigeria | ≤ 6 (76.4%; range 2–6) >6 (23.6% range 7–10) | 2.3–13.7 +/−1.7 weeks | 5.5% (3 children) | Not reported | Noted as ‘generally good’ | None, not explicitly mentioned | 3.6% ugly scar, recurrence, blister, infection |
Radler (2010) Mali | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Firth (2009) South Africa | 6.5 (range 2–18) | Not reported | 74% (78 feet) | Received FABs, % unspecified | 16% (11 patients) non-compliant | Not reported | 8% (9 feet) minor blistering from braces |
Biruk (2007) Ethiopia | Maximum cast 17 times | Weekly cast change | Not reported | 60%, average wait time 3-4Â months | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported for Ponseti cohort |
Lavy (2007) Malawi | Not reported | Not reported | 37% had tenotomy | 44% given FABs | 44% (145/327Â feet) | 32% (155Â feet) | 307 adequate records |
Khan (2005) South Africa | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Tindall (2005) Malawi | 5.3 | Mean treatment 9.1Â weeks | 41% | All | Not reported | Not reported | 2 minor complications |
Mkandawire (2003) Malawi | Weekly cast change | Mean treatment: 7.4Â weeks for idiopathic, 7.1Â weeks for complex | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 32 patients (35%) | Not reported |