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Table 3 Comparison of gout patients with and without disability

From: Associated factors with functional disability and health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with gout: a case-control study

 

HAQ-DI < 0.5 score (n = 178)

HAQ-DI ≥ 0.5 score (n = 48)

p

Gender, maleb

168 (94.4)

46 (95.8)

0.691

Age (years)a

52.83 ± 15.64

54.46 ± 16.34

0.527

BMI (kg/m2)a

25.68 ± 4.17

25.51 ± 4.28

0.807

WHRC

0.95(0.91–0.98)

0.96(0.94–0.98)

0.375

Place of residenceb

  

0.518

 City

102 (57.3)

25 (52.1)

 

 Country

76 (42.7)

23 (47.9)

 

Marital statusb

  

0.392

 Married

166 (93.3)

43 (89.6)

 

 Single

12 (6.7)

5 (10.4)

 

Educationb

  

0.109

  ≤ 9 years

77 (43.3)

27 (56.2)

 

 >9 years

101 (56.7)

21 (43.8)

 

Employment statusb

  

0.872

 Employed

139 (78.1)

38 (79.2)

 

 Unemployed

39 (21.9)

10 (20.8)

 

Income/year (RMB)b

  

0.153

 <15,000

63 (35.4)

20 (41.7)

 

 15,000–33,000

56 (33.2)

19 (39.6)

 

 >33,000

59 (33.1)

9 (18.8)

 

Medical insurance, yesb

168 (94.4)

48 (100.0)

0.093

Comorbilitiesb

   

 Hypertension

73 (41.0)

23 (47.9)

0.390

 DM

14 (7.9)

9 (18.8)

0.027

 Hyperlipidemia

21 (11.8)

4 (8.3)

0.497

 Cardiovascular disease

15 (8.4)

7 (14.6)

0.269

 Nephropathy

12 (6.7)

5 (10.4)

0.202

Disease duration (year)C

5.00(1.54–10.00)

7.00(3.00–14.79)

0.020

Number of flares/last yearC

3.00(1.00–10.00)

8.00(2.88–24.25)

0.003

Stage of goutb

  

0.087

 Asymptomatic (hyperuricemia)

7 (3.9)

1 (2.1)

 

 Acute phase

102 (57.3)

26 (54.2)

 

 Intercritical phase

33 (18.5)

4 (8.3)

 

 Chronic phase

36 (20.2)

17 (35.4)

 

Total pain (VAS)C

3.00(0.00–7.00)

5.50(5.00–8.00)

<0.001

Number of tophib

  

0.027

 No

115 (64.6)

21 (43.8)

 

 1

27 (15.2)

10 (20.8)

 

  ≥ 2

36 (20.2)

17 (35.4)

 

sUA (μmol/L)a

462.79 ± 1165.80

488.02 ± 118.57

0.184

Presence of tender joints, yesb

146 (82.0)

44 (91.7)

0.105

Presence of swollen joints, yesb

125 (70.2)

48 (100.0)

0.349

Urate lowering therapyb

   

 Allopurinol

15 (8.4)

1 (2.1)

0.128

 Febuxostat

59 (33.1)

21 (43.8)

0.173

Any anti-inflammatory drugsb

   

 Colchicine

108 (60.7)

38 (79.2)

0.017

 NSAID

81 (45.5)

24 (50.0)

0.580

 Corticosteroids

50 (28.1)

21 (43.8)

0.038

Depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 score)b

13 (7.3)

21 (43.8)

<0.001

Anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10 score)b

5 (2.8)

7 (14.6)

0.004

  1. SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-hip ratio; DM: diabetes; VAS: visual analog scale; sUA: serum uric acid; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, HAQ-DI: health assessment questionnaire-disability index; PHQ-9: patient health questionnaire; GAD-7: generalized anxiety disorder
  2. p values were obtained with the two-tailed t test, chi-square test and/or Mann-Whitney U test based on the type and distribution of variables
  3. P numbers of entries with significance are shown in italics
  4. aMean ± SD.bNumber (percentage). CMedian (IQR)