Table 1 Key characteristics of included studies
From: Prognostic factors for recovery following acute lateral ankle ligament sprain: a systematic review
Study | Design | Setting | Sample size | Sample characteristics | Time since injury | Injury severity | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
de Bie et al. [42] | Prospective cohort | The Netherlands 1 x Hospital FAD | N = 35 at baseline N = 33 at 2 weeks N = 31 at 4 weeks | General population N = 22 M, 13 F 28 ± 10 (13-59) y | NR | NR | 2 weeks 4 weeks |
Wilson & Gansneder [43] | Prospective cohort | USA 1 x University | N = 24 at baseline N = 21 at follow-up | Athletes N = 13 M, 8 F 20 ± 2 y | 67.8 ± 15.2 h | Grade I, II | 11.9 ± 6.6 days |
Cross et al. [44] | Prospective cohort | USA 1 x University | N = 20 at baseline N = 20 at follow-up | Athletes N = 7 M, 13 F 19 ± 1 (18-21) y | ≤ 24 h | NR | 14.7 ± 8.8 (3–40) days |
Akacha et al. [45] | Retrospective cohort | England 8 x Hospital ED | N = 584 at baseline N = 553 at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, & 9 months | General population N = 321 M, 232 F 30 ± 11 (16-72) y | ≤ 7 days | Severe (NWB at 3 days) | 4 weeks 12 weeks 9 months |
Langner et al. [46] | Prospective cohort | Germany 1 x Hospital ED | N = 38 at baseline N = 26 at 6 months N = NR at 12 months | General population N = 18 M, 20 F 38 ± 13 (20-75) y | < 24 h | ATFL Grade I (27%), II (27%), III (46%) | 6 months 12 months |
van Middelkoop et al. [47] | Retrospective cohort | The Netherlands 32 x GP 1 x Hospital ED | N = 102 at baseline N = 95 at 3 months N = 80 at 12 months | General population N = 59 M, 43 F 37 ± 12 (18-60) y | ≤ 7 days | Mild (42%), moderate or severe (44%), unknown (14%) | 3 months 12 months |
van der Wees et al. [48] | Prospective cohort | The Netherlands 20 x Primary care Physiotherapists | N = 107 at baseline N = 33 at 2 weeks | General population N = 65 M, 42 F 32 ± 14 y | 8.7 ± 8.9 days ≤ 5 days N = 53 > 5 days N = 54 | Light (50%), severe (50%) | 2 weeks |
O’Connor et al. [49] | Retrospective cohort | Northern Ireland 1 x Hospital ED 1 x University sports injury clinic | N = 101 at baseline N = NR at 4 weeks N = 85 at 4 months | General population, athletes. N = 69 M, 31 F 27 ± 10 (16-58) y | < 7 days 40 ± 36 h | Grade I (26%), II (63%), II+ (11%) | 4 weeks 4 months |
McKeon et al. [50] | Prospective cohort | USA 7 x High schools | N = 204 sprains at baseline N = 198 sprains in analysis | High school athletes | ≤ 24 h | Time to return to play. Same day (23.7%), next day (21.2%), 3 days (29.3%), 7 days (11.6%), 10 days (8.6%), >22 days (5.6%) | Time to return to play. Same day, next day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 21 days, >22 days. |