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Table 3 Association between participants’ preoperative ASA score classification and recovery of physical and mental functioning during the first year following hospital discharge for hip-fracture surgery: General Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis

From: The relationship between preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification scores and functional recovery following hip-fracture surgery

 

Time (months post-discharge)

Group

Outcome variable

1

3a

6a

12a

ASA 1-2b

 

ASA 3

 

(%)/Mean

β

(%)/Mean

β

(%)/Mean

β

(%)/Mean

(%)/Mean

β

(%)/Mean

Walking recovery, %c

39%

0.97

63%§

1.30

70%§†

1.4

73%§†

70%

0.38

53%#

CBI score, meand

71.91

10.27

82.18§

13.86

85.77§†

1.39

85.85§†

81.24

13

81.62

HRQOL scores, meand

 BP

71.35

2.95

74.31

10.08

81.43§†

2.83

74.18

72.89

4.86

77.75#

 GH

58.06

−2.47

55.60

0.64

58.71

−7.09

50.98§†•

58.31

−4.95

53.36#

 VT

57.8

3.56

61.37

6.05

63.85§

1.43

59.24

59.85

1.43

61.28

 SF

62.76

−0.93

61.50

12.06

74.49§†

7.60

70.63§†

67.25

−0.28

66.97

 RE

66.88

13.99

80.86§

19.94

86.81§†

18.08

85.68§

79.65

0.82

80.47

 MH

62.76

2.95

65.72

4.91

67.67§

2.79

65.55

65.89

−0.93

64.96

 PF

32.72

−2.45

30.27

24.22

56.94§†

11.64

44.36§•

43.05

−3.95

39.10

 RP

27.39

−2.46

24.93

13.83

41.23§†

12.14

39.54§†

32.81

0.93

33.74

  1. Abbreviations: CBI Chinese Barthel Index, (activities of daily living); HRQOL = health related quality of life; BP bodily pain; GH general health perception; VT vitality; SF social functioning; RE role disability due to emotional problems; MH general mental health; PF physical functioning; RP role disability due to physical health problems
  2. aTime post-discharge compared with 1 month
  3. bParticipant group ASA 1–2 compared with ASA 3
  4. cPercentage was calculated only for categorical outcome variables
  5. dMean = adjusted mean obtained after controlling for time, gender, age, type of surgery, and pre-fracture CBI performance data set membership
  6. #Indicates a significant difference between ASA 1–2 and ASA 3 group, p < .05
  7. §Indicates time post-discharge was significantly different compared with 1 month for both ASA 1–2 and ASA 3, p < .05
  8. Indicates a significant difference compared with 3 months for both ASA 1–2 and ASA 3, p < .05
  9. Indicates a significant difference compared with 6 months for both ASA 1–2 and ASA 3, p < .05