Table 1 Descriptive information and comparison between women reporting pain versus no pain 12 years postpartum
From: Prevalence and predictors of persistent pelvic girdle pain 12 years postpartum
Study group | No pain | Pain | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 295 | n = 174 | n = 119 | ||
Age in years, mean (SD) | 43.3 (4.6) | 43.5 (4.4) | 42.9 (4.9) | 0.14 |
Marital status | ||||
Married/cohabiting | 223 (87.8) | 130 (88.4) | 92 (87.6) | 0.43 |
Relationship but not cohabiting | 9 (3.5) | 3 (2.0) | 5 (4.8) | |
Single | 22 (8.7) | 14 (8.0) | 8 (7.6) | |
Educational level at Q1 | ||||
Up to high school/folk school | 151 (52.2) | 86 (50.9) | 64 (54.2) | 0.58 |
University or higher | 138 (47.8) | 83 (49.1) | 54 (45.8) | |
Number of children born after 2002 | ||||
1 | 101 (65.2) | 64 (66.7) | 36 (62.1.) | 0.84 |
2 | 44 (28.4) | 26 (27.1) | 18 (31.0) | |
≥ 3 | 10 (3.4) | 6 (6.3) | 4 (6.9) | |
Total number of children | ||||
1 | 70 (23.7) | 41 (23.6) | 28 (23.5) | 0.85 |
2 | 86 (52.9) | 49 (28.2) | 37 (31.1) | |
≥ 3 | 139 (47.1) | 84 (48.3) | 54 (45.4) | |
BMI | ||||
Normal weight | 142 (49.5) | 84 (49.4) | 57 (49.6) | 0.98 |
Obesity, overweight, underweight | 145 (50.5) | 86 (50.6) | 58 (50.4) | |
Low back pain before pregnancy in 2002 | ||||
No | 55 (52.9) | 28 (58.3) | 27 (48.2) | 0.12 |
Yes | 49 (47.1) | 20 (41.7) | 29 (51.8) | |
Self-rated health the past 12 months | ||||
Quite good to very good | 187 (63.8) | 134 (77.5) | 52 (44.1) | <0.0001 |
Fair to poor | 106 (36.2) | 39 (22.5) | 66 (55.9) | |
Physical activity | ||||
Yes | 204 (69.9) | 127 (73.4) | 76 (65.0) | 0.12 |
No | 88 (30.1) | 46 (26.6) | 41 (35.0) | |
Days with PPGPa the past 12 months | ||||
< 30 days | 89 (44.7) | 67 (83.8) | 21 (17.9) | <0.0001 |
≥ 30 days | 110 (55.3) | 13 (16.3) | 96 (82.1) | |
Sciatica | ||||
No | 79 (39.9) | 46 (57.5) | 33 (28.4) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 119 (60.1) | 34 (42.5) | 83 (71.6) | |
Neck or thoracic pain the past 12 months | ||||
No | 91 (45.5) | 48 (59.3) | 43 (36.8) | 0.002 |
Yes | 109 (54.5) | 33 (40.7) | 74 (63.2) | |
Days with neck or thoracic pain the past 12 months | ||||
< 30 days | 62 (37.1) | 31 (47.7) | 31 (31.0) | 0.03 |
≥ 30 days | 105 (62.9) | 34 (52.3) | 69 (69.0) | |
Sick leave due to PPGPa the past 12 months | ||||
No | 167 (86.5) | 71 (93.4) | 94 (81.7) | 0.05 |
Yes | 26 (13.5) | 5 (6.6) | 21 (18.3) | |
Days on sick leave due to LBP2/PPGP1 | ||||
< 15 days | 13 (48.1) | 5 (83.3) | 8 (38.1) | 0.05 |
≥ 15 days | 14 (51.9) | 1 (16.7) | 13 (61.9) | |
Degree of sick leave due to LBPb/PPGPa | ||||
Fulltime | 24 (88.9) | 4 (100.0) | 20 (87.0) | 0.44 |
Part time | 3 (11.1) | – | 3 (13.0) | |
Disability pension due to PPGPa | ||||
No | 177 (93.2) | 74 (97.4) | 101 (90.2) | 0.06 |
Yes | 13 (6.8) | 2 (2.6) | 11 (9.8) | |
Treatment sought since last delivery due to PPGPa | ||||
No | 106 (53.8) | 54 (67.5) | 50 (43.5) | 0.001 |
Yes | 91 (46.2) | 26 (32.5) | 65 (56.5) | |
Prescription and/or non-prescription drugsc | ||||
No | 160 (54.8) | 109 (63.0) | 51 (43.6) | 0.001 |
Yes | 132 (45.2) | 64 (37.0) | 66 (56.4) | |
Smoking | ||||
No | 280 (94.9) | 168 (96.6) | 111 (93.3) | 0.20 |
Yes | 15 (5.1) | 6 (3.4) | 8 (6.7) | |
Snuff | ||||
No | 269 (91.2) | 159 (91.4) | 108 (90.8) | 0.85 |
Yes | 26 (8.8) | 15 (8.6) | 11 (9.2) | |
Alcohol consumption (AUDITd) | ||||
Never | 41 (13.9) | 22 (12.6) | 18 (15.1) | 0.43 |
Once a month or less | 110 (37.3) | 59 (33.9) | 50 (42.0) | |
2–4 times a month | 120 (40.7) | 78 (44.8) | 42 (35.3) | |
2–3 times a week | 23 (7.8) | 14 (8.0) | 9 (7.6) | |
4 times a week or more often | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | – | |