Table 2 Details of in vivo studies
Study | Species | No. of animals in IA-HA | No. of animals in IA-HAÂ +Â AI | Treatments | Outcome extracted | HA characteristics | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karakulum et al., 2003 [36] | Rabbit | 7 | 7 | 1. HA 0.3 mL/day, IA at days 31, 38 and 45 2. MPA 15 mg/day IA at day 31 and HA 0.3 mL/day IA at days 38 and 45 | Histological score; degeneration in cartilage zone [67] | HA (MW 1000–2900 kDa) | • Degeneration of cartilage decreased 72% for IA-HA and 88% for IA-HA + MPA at day 52 |
Dong et al., 2013 [35] | Rabbit | 6 | 6 | 1. HA 0.3 mL (10 mg/mL), single IA 2. HA 10 mg/mL plus CLX 0.5 mg/mL for 0.3 mL, single IA | Global score; loss of cartilage layer, proteoglycan, and chondrocytes [68] | HA (MW 2.5 MDa) | • Single IA-CLX liposome or IA-HA alone did not significantly inhibit cartilage degeneration • IA-HA + CLX showed significant inhibition of cartilage degeneration |
Zhang et al., 2016 [37] | Rat | 10 | 10 | 1. IA-cHA gel, single IA 2. IA-cHA + Dex 0.2, 0.5 mg/mL gel, single IA | OARSI score; loss of proteoglycan [69] | Cross-linked HA hydrogel | • Quantification of histological findings: IA-cHA, 4.50 ± 0.87; IA-cHA + DEX, 3.00 ± 1.00 |