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Table 3 Results of overall and post-hoc ANOVA tests for lumbar spine and lower extremity kinematics

From: Differences in lumbar spine and lower extremity kinematics in people with and without low back pain during a step-up task: a cross-sectional study

    Overall Post-Hoca Overall Post-Hoca
Plane of Motion Effects Statistical Values Lumbar Spine Upper Lumbar Lower Lumbar Lower Extremity Hip Knee Ankle
Sagittal Region F-statistic 1.167    2039.326    
  P-value 0.287    *0.000    
  eta2 0.032    0.983    
Group F-statistic 5.354 0.275 12.385 0.003 1.783 2.01 2.825
  P-value *0.027 0.603 0.001* 0.957 0.190 0.165 0.102
  eta2 0.133 0.008 0.261 0.001 0.048 0.054 0.075
Group x Region F-Statistic 6.400    5.190    
  P-value *0.016    *0.008    
  eta2 0.155    0.129    
Coronal Region F-statistic 79.118    56.301    
  P-value *0.001    *0.000    
  eta2 0.693    0.617    
Group F-statistic 0.673    15.207 0.378 12.619 1.908
  P-value 0.418    *0.000 0.543 *0.001 0.176
  eta2 0.019    0.303 0.011 0.265 0.052
Group x Region F-Statistic 1.972    6.022    
  P-value 0.169    *0.004    
  eta2 0.053    0.147    
Axial Region F-statistic 18.098    4.4145    
  P-value *0.001    *0.020    
  eta2 0.341    0.106    
Group F-statistic 0.355    10.828    
  P-value 0.555    *0.002    
  eta2 0.010    0.236    
Group x Region F-Statistic 0.089    0.480    
  P-value 0.767    0.621    
  eta2 0.003    0.014    
  1. aPost-hoc tests were simple nested comparison follow-ups to significant interactions
  2. *Indicates statistically significant p-value < 0.05
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