BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Table 3 Results of overall and post-hoc ANOVA tests for lumbar spine and lower extremity kinematics

From: Differences in lumbar spine and lower extremity kinematics in people with and without low back pain during a step-up task: a cross-sectional study

			Overall	Post-Hoc^a		Overall	Post-Hoc^a
Plane of Motion	Effects	Statistical Values	Lumbar Spine	Upper Lumbar	Lower Lumbar	Lower Extremity	Hip	Knee	Ankle
Sagittal	Region	F-statistic	1.167			2039.326
		P-value	0.287			*0.000
		eta²	0.032			0.983
	Group	F-statistic	5.354	0.275	12.385	0.003	1.783	2.01	2.825
		P-value	*0.027	0.603	0.001*	0.957	0.190	0.165	0.102
		eta²	0.133	0.008	0.261	0.001	0.048	0.054	0.075
	Group x Region	F-Statistic	6.400			5.190
		P-value	*0.016			*0.008
		eta²	0.155			0.129
Coronal	Region	F-statistic	79.118			56.301
		P-value	*0.001			*0.000
		eta²	0.693			0.617
	Group	F-statistic	0.673			15.207	0.378	12.619	1.908
		P-value	0.418			*0.000	0.543	*0.001	0.176
		eta²	0.019			0.303	0.011	0.265	0.052
	Group x Region	F-Statistic	1.972			6.022
		P-value	0.169			*0.004
		eta²	0.053			0.147
Axial	Region	F-statistic	18.098			4.4145
		P-value	*0.001			*0.020
		eta²	0.341			0.106
	Group	F-statistic	0.355			10.828
		P-value	0.555			*0.002
		eta²	0.010			0.236
	Group x Region	F-Statistic	0.089			0.480
		P-value	0.767			0.621
		eta²	0.003			0.014

^aPost-hoc tests were simple nested comparison follow-ups to significant interactions
*Indicates statistically significant p-value < 0.05

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