Table 3 Independent associations with the health-related quality of life measures SF-36, SF-6D and 15D explored in 380 patients with axial spondyloarthritis in outpatient clinics

 Age (years)

−0.01 (−0.08, 0.06)

0.799

0.75 (−0.03, 0.18)

0.161

0.000 (0.000, 0.001)

0.267

0.000 (0.000, 0.001)

0.306

 Female

0.19 (−1.54, 1.92)

0.830

0.27 (−2.23, 2.77)

0.834

−0.011 (−0.027, 0.005)

0.192

0.004 (−0.015, 0.023)

0.693

 Living alone

0.40 (−1.45, 2.26)

0.669

−0.49 (−3.78, 2.19)

0.718

0.002 (−0.016, 0.019)

0.838

−0.005 (−0.025, 0.016)

0.644

 Employment

−1.15 (−3.05, 0.74)

0.233

−2.46 (−5.20, −0.29)

0.079

−0.014 (−0.031, 0.004)

0.135

−0.015 (−0.036, 0.006)

0.164

 ≤ 10 years

−0.86 (−3.41, −1.69)

0.506

−0.71 (−4.41, −2.97)

0.666

−0.019 (−0.042, 0.005)

0.119

0.018 (−0.010, 0.047)

0.207

 11–13 years

−0.01 (−1.68, 1.70)

0.992

0.09 (−2.35, 2.54)

0.701

0.007 (−0.009, 0.023)

0.392

−0.001 (−0.020, 0.017)

0.893

 > 13 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Exercise >3 h per week

2.71 (0.21, 4.99)

0.020

2.58 (−0.72, 5.89)

0.125

0.036 (0.015, 0.058)

0.001

0.053 (0.028, 0.078)

<0.001

 Exercise 1–3 h per week

2.73 (0.40, 5.06)

0.022

1.84 (−1.54, 5.21)

0.284

0.032 (0.010, 0.53)

0.004

0.045 (0.019, 0.070)

0.001

 Exercise <1 h per week

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Current smoker

−1.07 (−2.81, 0.67)

0.227

−1.40 (−1.12, 3.91)

0.275

0.009 (−0.007. 0.025)

0.284

−0.002 (−0.021, 0.017)

0.842

 Never

−0.70 (−3.82, −2.23)

0.607

2.74 (−1.62, 7.02)

0.217

0.004 (−0.025, 0.032)

0.798

0.010 (−0.023, 0.043)

0.556

 1–6 glasses

−0.85 (−3.49, −1.80)

0.530

4.63 (0.80, 8.46)

0.018

0.010 (−0.015, 0.034)

0.428

0.019 (−0.010. 0.048)

0.198

 7 or more glasses

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 BMI (kg/m²)

0.23 (−0.16, 0.20)

0.799

0.03 (−0.23, −0.28)

0.827

−0.001 (−0.002, 0.001)

0.447

0.001 (−0.002, 0.002)

0.884

 BASDAI (range 0–10)

−0.21 (−0.81, 0.57)

0.729

−0.38 (−1.37, 0.62)

0.459

−0.004 (−0.011, 0.002)

0.201

0.002 (−0.006, 0.010)

0.659

 MASES (range 0–13)

−0.09 (−0.32, 0.13)

0.421

−0.02 (−0.35, 0.31)

0.911

−0.001 (−0.003, 0.001)

0.251

0.001 (−0.003, 0.002)

0.885

 BASFI (range 0–10)

−1.05 (−1.86, −0.25)

0.010

1.02 (−0.15, 2.18)

0.086

−0.004 (−0.011, 0.004)

0.348

0.001 (−0.008, 0.010)

0.866

 BAS-G (range 0–10)

−0.91 (−1.45, −0.37)

0.001

−1.73 (−2.51, −0.95)

<0.001

−0.010 (−0.015, −0.005)

<0.001

−0.020 (−0.026, −0.014)

<0.001

 HAQ (range 0–3)

−4.61 (−7.30, −1.91)

0.001

−2.00 (−5.91, 1.90)

0.313

−0.051 (−0.076, −0.026)

<0.001

−0.054 (−0.084, −0.024)

0.001

 BASMI (range 0–10)

−0.11 (−0.56, 0.34)

0.629

0.05 (−0.60, 0.69)

0.883

0.001 (−0.003, 0.005)

0.730

−0.002 (−0.007, 0.003)

0.488

 Mean total score for co-morbidity (range 0–10)

−0.19 (−1.20, 0.82)

0.715

−0.64 (−2.10, 0.82)

0.388

−0.014 (−0.023, −0.005)

0.004

−0.002 (−0.014,0.009)

0.661

 SSHF (N/Y)

−1.58 (−3.34, 0.18)

0.079

1.47 (−1.08, 4.02)

0.256

−0.005 (−0.021, −0.012)

0.582

−0.013 (−0.032, 0.007)

0.199

R²

57.1%

21.5%

60.2%

56.9%